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Table of Contents

 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 __________________________________________________________
FORM 10-Q
 __________________________________________________________
ý
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2017
OR
¨
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from                      to                     
Commission file number: 001-35004
 __________________________________________________________
FleetCor Technologies, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 __________________________________________________________
Delaware
 
72-1074903
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
 
 
 
5445 Triangle Parkway, Peachtree Corners, Georgia
 
30092
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
(Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (770) 449-0479
 __________________________________________________________
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ý    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  ý    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one:)
Large accelerated filer
ý
Accelerated filer
¨
Non-accelerated filer
¨  (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Smaller reporting company
¨
Emerging growth company
¨ 
 
 
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.   ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨    No  ý


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Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
Class
 
Outstanding at October 31, 2017
Common Stock, $0.001 par value
 
89,560,788
 


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FLEETCOR TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
FORM 10-Q
For the Three and Nine Month Periods Ended September 30, 2017
INDEX
 
 
 
Page
PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
 
 
Item 1.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 2.
 
 
 
Item 3.
 
 
 
Item 4.
 
 
 
PART II—OTHER INFORMATION
 
 
 
 
Item 1.
 
 
 
Item 1A.
 
 
 
Item 2.
 
 
 
Item 3.
 
 
 
Item 4.
 
 
 
Item 5.
 
 
 
Item 6.
 
 
 

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PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
FleetCor Technologies, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In Thousands, Except Share and Par Value Amounts)
 
 
September 30, 2017
 
December 31, 2016
 
 
(Unaudited)
 
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
Current assets:
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
834,756

 
$
475,018

Restricted cash
 
183,515

 
168,752

Accounts and other receivables (less allowance for doubtful accounts of $47,779 and $32,506 at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016)
 
1,456,255

 
1,202,009

Securitized accounts receivable—restricted for securitization investors
 
794,000

 
591,000

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
 
252,975

 
90,914

Total current assets
 
3,521,501


2,527,693

Property and equipment, net
 
168,065

 
142,504

Goodwill
 
4,644,559

 
4,195,150

Other intangibles, net
 
2,876,440

 
2,653,233

Investments
 
33,526

 
36,200

Other assets
 
86,203

 
71,952

Total assets
 
$
11,330,294


$
9,626,732

Liabilities and stockholders’ equity
 
 
 
 
Current liabilities:
 
 
 
 
Accounts payable
 
$
1,435,585

 
$
1,151,432

Accrued expenses
 
285,841

 
238,812

Customer deposits
 
731,501

 
530,787

Securitization facility
 
794,000

 
591,000

Current portion of notes payable and lines of credit
 
808,507

 
745,506

Other current liabilities
 
117,464

 
38,781

Total current liabilities
 
4,172,898


3,296,318

Notes payable and other obligations, less current portion
 
2,933,976

 
2,521,727

Deferred income taxes
 
742,498

 
668,580

Other noncurrent liabilities
 
50,504

 
56,069

Total noncurrent liabilities
 
3,726,978


3,246,376

Commitments and contingencies (Note 12)
 

 

Stockholders’ equity:
 
 
 
 
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 475,000,000 shares authorized; 121,837,990 shares issued and 89,558,913 shares outstanding at September 30, 2017; and 121,259,960 shares issued and 91,836,938 shares outstanding at December 31, 2016
 
122

 
121

Additional paid-in capital
 
2,165,326

 
2,074,094

Retained earnings
 
2,676,224

 
2,218,721

Accumulated other comprehensive loss
 
(466,367
)
 
(666,403
)
Less treasury stock 32,279,077 shares at September 30, 2017 and 29,423,022 shares at December 31, 2016
 
(944,887
)
 
(542,495
)
Total stockholders’ equity
 
3,430,418


3,084,038

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
 
$
11,330,294


$
9,626,732

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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FleetCor Technologies, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income
(In Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)
 
 
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Revenues, net
 
$
577,877

 
$
484,426

 
$
1,639,547

 
$
1,316,593

Expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Merchant commissions
 
27,687

 
28,214

 
82,690

 
78,755

Processing
 
111,283

 
96,233

 
316,429

 
256,738

Selling
 
45,060

 
34,180

 
122,854

 
92,680

General and administrative
 
92,043

 
77,904

 
275,046

 
209,084

Depreciation and amortization
 
69,156

 
57,084

 
198,731

 
141,848

Other operating, net
 
11

 
(244
)
 
49

 
(690
)
Operating income
 
232,637


191,055

 
643,748


538,178

Investment loss (income)
 
47,766

 
2,744

 
52,497

 
(2,247
)
Other (income) expense, net
 
(175,271
)
 
293

 
(173,626
)
 
1,056

Interest expense, net
 
29,344

 
17,814

 
76,322

 
49,905

Loss on extinguishment of debt
 
3,296

 

 
3,296

 

Total other (income) expense
 
(94,865
)

20,851

 
(41,511
)

48,714

Income before income taxes
 
327,502

 
170,204

 
685,259

 
489,464

Provision for income taxes
 
124,679

 
40,586

 
227,756

 
132,503

Net income
 
$
202,823


$
129,618

 
$
457,503


$
356,961

Basic earnings per share
 
$
2.23

 
$
1.40

 
$
4.99

 
$
3.85

Diluted earnings per share
 
$
2.18

 
$
1.36

 
$
4.87

 
$
3.75

Weighted average shares outstanding:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic shares
 
90,751

 
92,631

 
91,619

 
92,604

Diluted shares
 
93,001

 
95,307

 
93,923

 
95,204

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.



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FleetCor Technologies, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(In Thousands)
 
 
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Net income
 
$
202,823

 
$
129,618

 
$
457,503

 
$
356,961

Other comprehensive (loss) income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency translation gains (losses), net of tax
 
112,301

 
(52,409
)
 
168,655

 
(41,339
)
Reclassification of foreign currency translation loss to investment, net of tax
 
31,381

 

 
31,381

 

Total other comprehensive income (loss)
 
143,682


(52,409
)

200,036


(41,339
)
Total comprehensive income
 
$
346,505


$
77,209


$
657,539


$
315,622

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.


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FleetCor Technologies, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(In Thousands)
 
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
 
2017
 
2016
Operating activities
 
 
 
 
Net income
 
$
457,503

 
$
356,961

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
 
 
 
 
Depreciation
 
35,096

 
25,706

Stock-based compensation
 
68,897

 
50,025

Provision for losses on accounts receivable
 
35,949

 
24,512

Amortization of deferred financing costs and discounts
 
5,411

 
5,568

Amortization of intangible assets
 
158,897

 
112,455

Amortization of premium on receivables
 
4,738

 
3,687

Loss on extinguishment of debt
 
3,296

 

Deferred income taxes
 
(38,092
)
 
(23,566
)
Investment loss (income)
 
52,497

 
(2,247
)
Gain on disposition of business
 
(174,984
)
 

Other non-cash operating income
 
(49
)
 
(690
)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities (net of acquisitions and dispositions):
 
 
 
 
Restricted cash
 
(12,105
)
 
(28,744
)
Accounts and other receivables
 
(440,011
)
 
(527,255
)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
 
(86,648
)
 
(1,291
)
Other assets
 
(15,378
)
 
(9,115
)
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and customer deposits
 
364,473

 
418,280

Net cash provided by operating activities
 
419,490


404,286

Investing activities
 
 
 
 
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired
 
(602,298
)
 
(1,331,079
)
Purchases of property and equipment
 
(49,459
)
 
(41,877
)
Proceeds from disposal of a business
 
316,501

 

Other
 
(6,327
)
 
1,411

Net cash used in investing activities
 
(341,583
)

(1,371,545
)
Financing activities
 
 
 
 
Proceeds from issuance of common stock
 
20,192

 
18,620

Repurchase of common stock
 
(402,392
)
 
(35,492
)
Borrowings on securitization facility, net
 
203,000

 
42,000

Deferred financing costs paid and debt discount
 
(11,230
)
 
(2,272
)
Proceeds from issuance of notes payable
 
780,656

 
600,000

Principal payments on notes payable
 
(388,656
)
 
(85,125
)
Borrowings from revolver – A Facility
 
845,000

 
1,105,107

Payments on revolver – A Facility
 
(804,808
)
 
(670,940
)
Borrowings on swing line of credit, net
 
7,800

 
5,188

Other
 
537

 
(673
)
Net cash used in financing activities
 
250,099


976,413

Effect of foreign currency exchange rates on cash
 
31,732

 
(50,871
)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
 
359,738

 
(41,717
)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
 
475,018

 
447,152

Cash and cash equivalents, end of period
 
$
834,756


$
405,435

Supplemental cash flow information
 
 
 
 
Cash paid for interest
 
$
79,144

 
$
48,525

Cash paid for income taxes
 
$
257,349

 
$
79,599


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See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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FleetCor Technologies, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements
September 30, 2017
1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
Throughout this report, the terms “our,” “we,” “us,” and the “Company” refers to FleetCor Technologies, Inc. and its subsidiaries. The Company prepared the accompanying interim consolidated financial statements in accordance with Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). The unaudited consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments considered necessary for fair presentation. These adjustments consist of normal recurring accruals and estimates that impact the carrying value of assets and liabilities. Actual results may differ from these estimates. Operating results for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2017.
The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.
Foreign Currency Translation
Assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at the rates of exchange in effect at period-end. The related translation adjustments are made directly to accumulated other comprehensive income. Income and expenses are translated at the average monthly rates of exchange in effect during the period. Gains and losses from foreign currency transactions of these subsidiaries are included in net income. The Company recognized foreign exchange gains of $0.6 million and foreign exchange losses of $0.7 million in the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, which are recorded within other (income) expense, net in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income. The Company recognized foreign exchange losses of $0.2 million and $1.5 million in the nine month periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
Derivatives

With its acquisition of Cambridge Global Payments ("Cambridge") in August 2017, the Company uses derivatives to facilitate cross-currency corporate payments by writing derivatives to customers, which are not designated as hedging instruments. The majority of this business' revenue is from exchanges of currency at spot rates, which enable customers to make cross-currency payments. In addition, this business also writes foreign currency forward and option contracts for its customers to facilitate future payments. The duration of these derivative contracts at inception is generally less than one year. The Company aggregates its foreign exchange exposures arising from customer contracts, including forwards, options and spot exchanges of currency, and hedges (economic hedge) the resulting net currency risks by entering into offsetting contracts with established financial institution counterparties. The changes in fair value related to these contracts are recorded in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income.
The Company recognizes all derivatives in "prepaid expenses and other current assets" and "other current liabilities" in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets at their fair value. All cash flows associated with derivatives are included in cash flows from operating activities in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
Adoption of New Accounting Standards
Revenue Recognition
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)." The core principle of ASU 2014-09 is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. ASU 2014-09 will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in GAAP and permits the use of either the retrospective or modified retrospective transition method. The update requires significant additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments. ASU 2014-09, as amended by ASU 2015-14, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date," is effective for years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods, with early adoption permitted for years beginning after December 15, 2016. Since the issuance of ASU 2014-09, the FASB has issued additional interpretive guidance, including new accounting standards updates, that clarifies certain points of the standard and modifies certain requirements.

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The Company has performed a review of the requirements of the new revenue standard and is monitoring the activity of the FASB and the transition resource group as it relates to specific interpretive guidance. The Company established an implementation team to assess the effects of the new revenue standard in a multi-phase approach. In the first phase, the Company is analyzing customer contracts for its most significant contract categories, applied the five-step model of the new standard to each contract category and comparing the results to our current accounting practices. The second phase, which includes quantifying the potential effects identified during the first phase, assessing additional contract categories and principal versus agent considerations, revising accounting policies and considering the effects on related disclosures and/or internal control over financial reporting is ongoing as of the end of the third quarter.

The new standard could change the amount and timing of revenue and expenses to be recognized under certain of our arrangement types. In addition, it could also increase the administrative burden on our operations to account for customer contracts and provide the more expansive required disclosures. More judgment and estimates may be required within the process of applying the requirements of the new standard than are required under existing GAAP, such as identifying performance obligations in contracts, estimating the amount of variable consideration to include in transaction price, allocating transaction price to each separate performance obligation and estimating expected customer lives. The Company has not completed its assessment or quantified the effect the new guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements, related disclosures and/or its internal control over financial reporting. This assessment will occur over the remainder of the calendar year and will include evaluating the application of the principal vs. agent cost to obtain a contract guidance. However, the Company's preliminary view is that the expected amount and timing of revenue to be recognized under ASU 2014-09 for its most significant contract categories, fuel card payments, corporate payments, toll payments, lodging payments and gift cards, will be similar to the amount and timing of revenue recognized under our current accounting practices. The Company also may be required to capitalize additional costs to obtain contracts with customers, and, in some cases, may be required to amortize these costs over a contractual time period. Finally, the Company expects disclosures about its revenues and related customer acquisition costs will be more extensive.

The Company plans to adopt ASU 2014-09, as well as other clarifications and technical guidance issued by the FASB related to this new revenue standard, on January 1, 2018. The Company will apply the modified retrospective transition method, which would result in an adjustment to retained earnings for the cumulative effect, if any, of applying the standard to contracts that are not completed at the date of initial application. Under this method, the Company would not restate the prior financial statements presented, therefore the new standard requires the Company to provide additional disclosures of the amount by which each financial statement line item is affected in the current reporting period during 2018, as compared to the guidance that was in effect before the change, and an explanation of the reasons for significant changes, if any.
Accounting for Leases
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases”, which requires lessees to recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with the exception of short-term leases. This ASU also requires disclosures to provide additional information about the amounts recorded in the financial statements. This ASU is effective for the Company for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and interim periods therein. Early adoption is permitted. The new standard must be adopted using a modified retrospective transition and requires application of the new guidance for leases that exist or are entered into after the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2016-02 on our consolidated financial statements; however, we expect to recognize right of use assets and liabilities for our operating leases in the consolidated balance sheet upon adoption.
Accounting for Breakage
In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-04, “Liabilities-Extinguishments of Liabilities: Recognition of Breakage for Certain Prepaid Stored-Value Products”, which requires entities that sell prepaid stored value products redeemable for goods, services or cash at third-party merchants to derecognize liabilities related to those products for breakage. This ASU is effective for the Company for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. The ASU must be adopted using either a modified retrospective approach with a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption or a full retrospective approach. The Company’s adoption of this ASU is not expected to have a material impact on the results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows.
Cash Flow Classification
In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, "Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments", which amends the guidance in ASC 230, Statement of Cash Flows. This amended guidance reduces the diversity in practice that has resulted from the lack of consistent principles related to the classification of certain cash receipts and payments in the statement of cash flows. This ASU is effective for the Company for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. Entities must apply the guidance retrospectively to all periods presented but may apply it prospectively from the earliest date practicable if retrospective application would be impracticable. The Company’s adoption of this ASU is not expected to have a material impact on the results of operations or financial condition.

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In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, "Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash", which amends the guidance in ASC 230, Statement of Cash Flows, on the classification and presentation of restricted cash in the statement of cash flows. This ASU is effective for the Company for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. If an entity early adopts the amendments in an interim period, any adjustments should be reflected as of the beginning of the fiscal year that includes that interim period. The amendments in this ASU should be applied using a retrospective transition method to each period presented. The Company is evaluating what impact if any the adoption of this ASU will have on the results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows.
Intangibles - Goodwill and Other Impairment
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, "Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, which eliminates the requirement to calculate the implied fair value of goodwill (i.e., Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test) to measure a goodwill impairment charge. Instead, entities will record an impairment charge based on the excess of a reporting unit’s carrying amount over its fair value (i.e., measure the charge based on Step 1). The standard has tiered effective dates, starting in 2020 for calendar-year public business entities that meet the definition of an SEC filer. Early adoption is permitted for interim and annual goodwill impairment testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company’s adoption of this ASU is not expected to have a material impact on the results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows, unless a goodwill impairment is identified.
Definition of a Business
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, "Clarifying the Definition of a Business", which amends the definition of a business to assist entities with evaluating when a set of transferred assets and activities is a business. The guidance requires an entity to evaluate if substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets. If so, the set of transferred assets and activities is not a business. The guidance also requires a business to include at least one substantive process and narrows the definition of outputs. The guidance is effective for the Company for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company’s adoption of this ASU is not expected to have a material impact on the results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows, however it could result in accounting for acquisitions as asset acquisitions versus business combinations upon adoption.
Accounting for Modifications to Stock-Based Compensation
In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, "Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting", which amends the scope of modification accounting for share-based payment arrangements. The ASU provides guidance on the types of changes to the terms or conditions of share-based payment awards to which an entity would be required to apply modification accounting under ASC 718. Specifically, an entity would not apply modification accounting if the fair value, vesting conditions and classification of the awards are the same immediately before and after the modification. The guidance is effective for the Company for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company's adoption of this ASU is not expected to have a material impact on the results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows.
Accounting for Derivative Financial Instruments
In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, "Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities", which amends the hedge accounting recognition and presentation requirements in ASC 815. The FASB issued accounting guidance to better align hedge accounting with a company’s risk management activities, simplify the application of hedge accounting and improve the disclosures of hedging arrangements. The guidance is effective for the Company for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company's adoption of this ASU is not expected to have a material impact on the results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows.
2. Accounts Receivable
The Company maintains a $950 million revolving trade accounts receivable Securitization Facility. Accounts receivable collateralized within our Securitization Facility relate to our U.S. trade receivables resulting from charge card activity. Pursuant to the terms of the Securitization Facility, the Company transfers certain of its domestic receivables, on a revolving basis, to FleetCor Funding LLC (Funding) a wholly-owned bankruptcy remote subsidiary. In turn, Funding sells, without recourse, on a revolving basis, up to $950 million of undivided ownership interests in this pool of accounts receivable to a multi-seller, asset-backed commercial paper conduit (Conduit). Funding maintains a subordinated interest, in the form of over-collateralization, in a portion of the receivables sold to the Conduit. Purchases by the Conduit are financed with the sale of highly-rated commercial paper.
The Company utilizes proceeds from the sale of its accounts receivable as an alternative to other forms of financing to reduce its overall borrowing costs. The Company has agreed to continue servicing the sold receivables for the financial institution at market rates, which approximates the Company’s cost of servicing. The Company retains a residual interest in the accounts

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receivable sold as a form of credit enhancement. The residual interest’s fair value approximates carrying value due to its short-term nature. Funding determines the level of funding achieved by the sale of trade accounts receivable, subject to a maximum amount.
The Company’s consolidated balance sheets and statements of income reflect the activity related to securitized accounts receivable and the corresponding securitized debt, including interest income, fees generated from late payments, provision for losses on accounts receivable and interest expense. The cash flows from borrowings and repayments, associated with the securitized debt, are presented as cash flows from financing activities.
The Company’s accounts receivable and securitized accounts receivable include the following at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (in thousands):  
 
 
September 30, 2017
 
December 31, 2016
Gross domestic accounts receivable
 
$
651,328

 
$
529,885

Gross domestic securitized accounts receivable
 
794,000

 
591,000

Gross foreign receivables
 
852,706

 
704,630

Total gross receivables
 
2,298,034


1,825,515

Less allowance for doubtful accounts
 
(47,779
)
 
(32,506
)
Net accounts and securitized accounts receivable
 
$
2,250,255


$
1,793,009

A rollforward of the Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts related to accounts receivable for nine months ended September 30 is as follows (in thousands):
 
 
2017
 
2016
Allowance for doubtful accounts beginning of period
 
$
32,506

 
$
21,903

Provision for bad debts
 
35,949

 
24,512

Write-offs
 
(20,676
)
 
(16,343
)
Allowance for doubtful accounts end of period
 
$
47,779

 
$
30,072

3. Fair Value Measurements
Fair value is a market-based measurement that reflects assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. GAAP discusses valuation techniques, such as the market approach (comparable market prices), the income approach (present value of future income or cash flow), and the cost approach (cost to replace the service capacity of an asset or replacement cost). These valuation techniques are based upon observable and unobservable inputs. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s market assumptions.
As the basis for evaluating such inputs, a three-tier value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:
 
Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
Level 2: Observable inputs other than quoted prices that are directly or indirectly observable for the asset or liability, including quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for similar or identical assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.
Level 3: Unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions. The fair value hierarchy also requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.

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The following table presents the Company’s financial assets and liabilities which are measured at fair values on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, (in thousands). 
 
 
Fair Value
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
September 30, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Repurchase agreements
 
$
363,335

 
$

 
$
363,335

 
$

Money market
 
50,341

 

 
50,341

 

Certificates of deposit
 
9,370

 

 
9,370

 

       Foreign exchange contracts
 
111,235

 
28

 
111,207

 

Total assets
 
$
534,281


$
28


$
534,253


$

Cash collateral for foreign exchange contracts
 
$
33,911

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
      Foreign exchange contracts contracts
 
$
106,175

 
$
353

 
$
105,822

 

Total liabilities
 
$
106,175

 
$
353

 
$
105,822

 
 
Cash collateral obligation for foreign exchange contracts
 
$
20,272

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Repurchase agreements
 
$
232,131

 
$

 
$
232,131

 
$

Money market
 
50,179

 

 
50,179

 

Certificates of deposit
 
48

 

 
48

 

Total cash equivalents
 
$
282,358


$


$
282,358


$


The Company has highly-liquid investments classified as cash equivalents, with original maturities of 90 days or less, included in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company utilizes Level 2 fair value determinations derived from directly or indirectly observable (market based) information to determine the fair value of these highly liquid investments. The Company has certain cash and cash equivalents that are invested on an overnight basis in repurchase agreements, money markets and certificates of deposit. The value of overnight repurchase agreements is determined based upon the quoted market prices for the treasury securities associated with the repurchase agreements. The value of money market instruments is the financial institutions' month-end statement, as these instruments are not tradeable and must be settled directly by us with the respective financial institution. Certificates of deposit are valued at cost, plus interest accrued. Given the short-term nature of these instruments, the carrying value approximates fair value. Foreign exchange derivative contracts are carried at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income. The fair value of the Company's derivatives is derived with reference to a valuation from a derivatives dealer operating in an active market, which the Company accepts as the fair value of these instruments. The fair value represents what would be received and or paid by the Company if the contracts were terminated as of the reporting date. Cash collateral received for foreign exchange derivatives is recorded within customer deposits in our Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 2017. Cash collateral paid for foreign exchange derivatives is recorded within cash and cash equivalents in our Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 2017.
The level within the fair value hierarchy and the measurement technique are reviewed quarterly. Transfers between levels are deemed to have occurred at the end of the quarter. There were no transfers between fair value levels during the periods presented for 2017 and 2016.
The Company’s assets that are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and are evaluated with periodic testing for impairment include property, plant and equipment, investments, goodwill and other intangible assets. Estimates of the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations are generally developed using key inputs such as management’s projections of cash flows on a held-and-used basis (if applicable), discounted as appropriate, management’s projections of cash flows upon disposition and discount rates. Accordingly, these fair value measurements are in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. See footnote 13 for discussion of Masternaut's other than temporary decline in fair value during the third quarter of 2017.
The fair value of the Company’s cash, accounts receivable, securitized accounts receivable and related facility, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable, accrued expenses, customer deposits and short-term borrowings approximate their respective carrying values due to the short-term maturities of the instruments. The carrying value of the Company’s debt obligations approximates fair value as the interest rates on the debt are variable market based interest rates that

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reset on a quarterly basis. These are each Level 2 fair value measurements, except for cash, which is a Level 1 fair value measurement.
4. Stockholders' Equity
On February 4, 2016, the Company's Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase program (the "Program") under which the Company may purchase up to an aggregate of $500 million of its common stock over the following 18 month period. On July 27, 2017, the Company's Board of Directors authorized an increase in the size of the Program by an additional $250 million and an extension of the Program by an additional 18 months. On November 1, 2017, the Company announced that its Board of Directors had authorized an increase in the size of the Program by an additional $350 million, resulting in total aggregate repurchases authorized under the Program of $1.1 billion. With the increase and giving effect to the Company's $590.1 million of previous repurchases, the Company may repurchase up to $510 million in shares of its common stock at any time prior to February 1, 2019.
Any stock repurchases may be made at times and in such amounts as deemed appropriate. The timing and amount of stock repurchases, if any, will depend on a variety of factors including the stock price, market conditions, corporate and regulatory requirements, and any additional constraints related to material inside information the Company may possess. Any repurchases have been and are expected to be funded by a combination of available cash flow from the business, working capital and debt.
On August 3, 2017, as part of the Program, the Company entered an Accelerated Share Repurchase agreement ("ASR Agreement") with a third-party financial institution to repurchase $250 million of its common stock. Pursuant to the ASR Agreement, the Company delivered $250 million in cash and received 1,491,647 shares based on a stock price of $142.46 on August 7, 2017. The ASR Agreement was completed on September 7, 2017, at which time the Company received 263,012 additional shares based on a final weighted average per share purchase price during the repurchase period of $142.48.
The Company accounted for the ASR Agreement as two separate transactions: (i) as shares of reacquired common stock for the shares delivered to us upon effectiveness of the ASR Agreement and (ii) as a forward contract indexed to the Company's common stock for the undelivered shares. The initial delivery of shares was included in treasury stock at cost and results in an immediate reduction of the outstanding shares used to calculate the weighted average common shares outstanding for basic and diluted earnings per share. The forward contracts indexed to our own common stock met the criteria for equity classification, and these amounts were initially recorded in additional paid-in capital and then reclassified to treasury stock upon completion of the ASR agreement.
Since the beginning of the Program, 4,114,104 shares for an aggregate purchase price of $590.1 million have been repurchased. There were 2,854,959 shares totaling $402.4 million repurchased under the Program during the nine months ended September 30, 2017.
5. Stock-Based Compensation
The Company has Stock Incentive Plans (the Plans) pursuant to which the Company’s Board of Directors may grant stock options or restricted stock to employees. The table below summarizes the expense recognized related to share-based payments recognized for the three and nine month periods ended September 30 (in thousands): 
 
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Stock options
 
$
16,212

 
$
8,304

 
$
42,254

 
$
25,942

Restricted stock
 
8,443

 
9,101

 
26,643

 
24,083

Stock-based compensation
 
$
24,655


$
17,405


$
68,897


$
50,025

The tax benefits recorded on stock based compensation were $36.1 million and $28.4 million for the nine month periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
The following table summarizes the Company’s total unrecognized compensation cost related to stock-based compensation as of September 30, 2017 (cost in thousands):

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Unrecognized
Compensation
Cost
 
Weighted Average
Period of Expense
Recognition
(in Years)
Stock options
 
$
96,594

 
1.52
Restricted stock
 
12,425

 
0.43
Total
 
$
109,019

 
 

Stock Options
Stock options are granted with an exercise price estimated to be equal to the fair market value of the Company's stock on the date of grant as authorized by the Company’s Board of Directors. Options granted have vesting provisions ranging from one to five years and vesting of the options is generally based on the passage of time or performance. Stock option grants are subject to forfeiture if employment terminates prior to vesting.

The following summarizes the changes in the number of shares of common stock under option for the nine month period ended September 30, 2017 (shares and aggregate intrinsic value in thousands):
 
 
Shares
 
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
 
Options
Exercisable
at End of
Period
 
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price of
Exercisable
Options
 
Weighted
Average Fair
Value of
Options
Granted 
During the Period
 
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2016
 
6,146

 
$
91.20

 
3,429

 
$
55.00

 
 
 
$
309,238

Granted
 
2,764

 
144.45

 
 
 
 
 
$
32.20

 
 
Exercised
 
(388
)
 
52.10

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
39,789

Forfeited
 
(265
)
 
142.93

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Outstanding at September 30, 2017
 
8,257

 
$
109.20

 
3,956

 
$
71.26

 
 
 
$
376,264

Expected to vest as of September 30, 2017
 
8,257

 
$
109.20

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options exercisable at September 30, 2017 was $330.4 million. The weighted average remaining contractual term of options exercisable at September 30, 2017 was 5.1 years.
The fair value of stock option awards granted was estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, with the following weighted-average assumptions for grants or modifications during the period:
 
 
September 30,
 
 
2017
 
2016
Risk-free interest rate
 
1.65
%
 
1.09
%
Dividend yield
 

 

Expected volatility
 
28.02
%
 
27.37
%
Expected life (in years)
 
3.4

 
3.4

Restricted Stock
Awards of restricted stock and restricted stock units are independent of stock option grants and are subject to forfeiture if employment terminates prior to vesting. The vesting of shares granted is generally based on the passage of time or performance, or a combination of these. Shares vesting based on the passage of time have vesting provisions of one to three years.
The following table summarizes the changes in the number of shares of restricted stock and restricted stock units for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 (shares in thousands): 

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Shares
 
Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2016
 
379

 
$
140.39

Granted
 
204

 
149.95

Vested
 
(204
)
 
136.85

Cancelled or forfeited
 
(48
)
 
153.24

Outstanding at September 30, 2017
 
331

 
$
149.24

6. Acquisitions
2017 Acquisitions

Cambridge Global Payments

On August 9, 2017, the Company acquired Cambridge, a leading business to business (B2B) international payments provider, for approximately $584.1 million in cash, net of cash acquired of $132.3 million and inclusive of a note payable of $23.9 million. Cambridge processes B2B cross-border payments, assisting business clients in making international payments to suppliers and employees. The purpose of this acquisition is to further expand the Company's corporate payments footprint. The Company financed the acquisition using a combination of existing cash and borrowings under its existing credit facility. The results from Cambridge are reported in its North America segment for business in the United States and Canada and within its International segment for business in all other countries outside of the United States and Canada, since acquisition. The following table summarizes the preliminary acquisition accounting for Cambridge (in thousands):
Prepaid expenses and other
79,725

Property and equipment
7,106

Other long term assets
10,025

Goodwill
436,138

Customer relationships and other identifiable intangible assets
358,168

Liabilities assumed
(187,664
)
Deferred tax liabilities
(119,419
)
Aggregate purchase price
$
584,079

 
 
The estimated fair value of intangible assets acquired and the related estimated useful lives consisted of the following (in thousands):
 
Useful Lives (in Years)
Value
Customer relationships and other identifiable intangible assets
10
$
358,168

 
 
$
358,168


Acquisition accounting for Cambridge is preliminary as the Company is still completing the valuation for goodwill, intangible assets, income taxes, certain acquired contingencies, derivatives and the working capital adjustment period remains open. Goodwill recorded is comprised primarily of expected synergies from combining the operations of the Company and Cambridge, as well as assembled workforce. The allocation of the goodwill to the reporting units is not yet complete.

Other

On September 26, 2017, the Company acquired a fuel card provider in Russia. The accounting for this acquisition is preliminary as the Company is still completing the valuation of goodwill, intangible assets, income taxes and evaluation of acquired contingencies. The following table summarizes the preliminary acquisition accounting for the Russian acquisition (in thousands):

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Trade and other receivables
$
8,175

Prepaid expenses and other
783

Property and equipment
206

Goodwill
9,209

Other intangible assets
46,034

Liabilities assumed
(11,078
)
Deferred tax liabilities
(9,211
)
Aggregate purchase prices
$
44,118

The estimated fair value of intangible assets acquired and the related estimated useful lives consisted of the following (in thousands):
 
Useful Lives (in Years)
Value
Customer relationships and other identifiable intangible assets
8
$
46,034

 
 
$
46,034

Subsequently, on October 13, 2017, the Company completed the acquisition of Creative Lodging Solutions ("CLS"), a small lodging tuck-in business.

2016 Acquisitions

STP
On August 31, 2016, the Company acquired all of the outstanding stock of Serviços e Tecnologia de Pagamentos S.A. (“STP”), for $1.23 billion, net of cash acquired of $40.2 million. STP is an electronic toll payments company in Brazil and provides cardless fuel payments at a number of Shell sites throughout Brazil. The purpose of this acquisition was to expand the Company's presence in the toll market in Brazil. The Company financed the acquisition using a combination of existing cash and borrowings under its existing credit facility. Results from the acquired business have been reported in the Company's international segment since the date of acquisition. The following table summarizes the acquisition accounting for STP (in thousands):
 
Trade and other receivables
$
243,157

Prepaid expenses and other
6,998

Deferred tax assets
20,644

Property and equipment
44,226

Other long term assets
14,280

Goodwill
663,040

Customer relationships and other identifiable intangible assets
548,682

Liabilities assumed
(315,082
)
Aggregate purchase price
$
1,225,945

 
 
The estimated fair value of intangible assets acquired and the related estimated useful lives consisted of the following (in thousands):
 
Useful Lives (in Years)
Value
Customer relationships
8.5-20
$
348,414

Trade names and trademarks - indefinite
N/A
154,851

Technology
6
45,417

 
 
$
548,682


In connection with the STP acquisition, the Company recorded contingent liabilities aggregating $15.1 million, recorded within other noncurrent liabilities and accrued expenses in the consolidated balance sheet at the date of acquisition. A portion of these acquired liabilities have been indemnified by the respective sellers. As a result, an indemnification asset of $15.1 million was

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recorded within prepaid and other current assets and other long term assets in the consolidated balance sheet. Along with the Company's acquisition of STP, the Company signed noncompete agreements with certain parties with an estimated fair value of $23.2 million.

Goodwill recognized is comprised primarily of expected synergies from combining the operations of the Company and STP, as well as assembled workforce. The goodwill and definite lived intangibles acquired with this business will be deductible for tax purposes.

Other

During 2016, the Company acquired additional fuel card portfolios in the U.S. and the United Kingdom, additional Shell fuel card markets in Europe and Travelcard in the Netherlands totaling $76.7 million, net of cash acquired of $11.1 million. The following table summarizes the acquisition accounting for these acquisitions (in thousands):
 
Trade and other receivables
$
27,810

Prepaid expenses and other
5,097

Property and equipment
992

Goodwill
28,540

Other intangible assets
61,823

Deferred tax asset
146

Liabilities assumed
(42,550
)
Deferred tax liabilities
(5,123
)
Aggregate purchase prices
$
76,735

The estimated fair value of intangible assets acquired and the related estimated useful lives consisted of the following (in thousands):
 
Useful Lives (in Years)
Value
Customer relationships and other identifiable intangible assets
10-18
$
61,823

 
 
$
61,823

7. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
A summary of changes in the Company’s goodwill by reportable business segment is as follows (in thousands): 
 
 
December 31, 2016
 
Acquisitions
 
Dispositions
 
Acquisition Accounting
Adjustments
 
Foreign
Currency
 
September 30, 2017
Segment
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
North America
 
$
2,640,409

 
$
436,138

 
$
(92,046
)
 
$

 
$
707

 
$
2,985,208

International
 
1,554,741

 
9,209

 

 
3,751

 
91,650

 
1,659,351

 
 
$
4,195,150


$
445,347

 
$
(92,046
)
 
$
3,751


$
92,357


$
4,644,559

Goodwill related to our acquisition of Cambridge is recorded in the Company's North America segment at September 30, 2017, as the acquisition accounting is preliminary. The Company is continuing to evaluate the reporting units and segments allocation related to its acquisition of Cambridge. As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, other intangible assets consisted of the following (in thousands):
 

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Table of Contents

 
 
 
 
September 30, 2017
 
December 31, 2016
 
 
Weighted-
Avg
Useful
Lives
(Years)
 
Gross
Carrying
Amounts
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net
Carrying
Amount
 
Gross
Carrying
Amounts
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net
Carrying
Amount
Customer and vendor relationships
 
15.9
 
$
2,845,048

 
$
(565,374
)
 
$
2,279,674

 
$
2,449,389

 
$
(458,118
)
 
$
1,991,271

Trade names and trademarks—indefinite lived
 
N/A
 
476,648

 

 
476,648

 
510,952

 

 
510,952

Trade names and trademarks—other
 
14.6
 
2,805

 
(2,130
)
 
675

 
2,746

 
(2,021
)
 
725

Software
 
6.0
 
203,643

 
(106,786
)
 
96,857

 
211,331

 
(85,167
)
 
126,164

Non-compete agreements
 
4.9
 
38,628

 
(16,042
)
 
22,586

 
35,191

 
(11,070
)
 
24,121

Total other intangibles
 
 
 
$
3,566,772


$
(690,332
)

$
2,876,440


$
3,209,609


$
(556,376
)

$
2,653,233

Changes in foreign exchange rates resulted in a $53.8 million increase to the carrying values of other intangible assets in the nine months ended September 30, 2017. Amortization expense related to intangible assets for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 was $158.9 million and $112.5 million, respectively. As part of the Company's plan to exit the telematics business, on July 27, 2017, the Company sold NexTraq, a U.S. fleet telematics business, to Michelin Group, resulting in a $41.8 million reduction in the net carrying values of other intangible assets.

8. Debt
The Company’s debt instruments consist primarily of term notes, revolving lines of credit and a Securitization Facility as follows (in thousands):
 
 
 
September 30, 2017
 
December 31, 2016
Term notes payable—domestic(a), net of discounts
 
$
3,027,472

 
$
2,639,279

Revolving line of credit A Facility—domestic(a)
 
595,000

 
465,000

Revolving line of credit A Facility—foreign(a)
 
38,047

 
123,412

Revolving line of credit A Facility—swing line(a)
 
40,193

 
26,608

Other debt(c)
 
41,771

 
12,934

Total notes payable and other obligations
 
3,742,483


3,267,233

Securitization Facility(b)
 
794,000

 
591,000

Total notes payable, credit agreements and Securitization Facility
 
$
4,536,483


$
3,858,233

Current portion
 
$
1,602,507

 
$
1,336,506

Long-term portion
 
2,933,976

 
2,521,727

Total notes payable, credit agreements and Securitization Facility
 
$
4,536,483


$
3,858,233

 ______________________
(a)
The Company has a Credit Agreement, which has been amended multiple times and provides for senior secured credit facilities consisting of a revolving A credit facility in the amount of $1.285 billion, a term loan A facility in the amount of $2.69 billion and a term loan B facility in the amount of $350.0 million as of September 30, 2017. The revolving credit facility consists of (a) a revolving A credit facility in the amount of $800 million, with sublimits for letters of credit and swing line loans, (b) a revolving B facility in the amount of $450 million for swing line loans and multi-currency borrowings and, (c) a revolving C facility in the amount of $35 million for multi-currency borrowings in Australian Dollars or New Zealand Dollars. On January 20, 2017, the Company entered into the second amendment to the Credit Agreement, which established a new term B loan. On August 2, 2017, the Company entered into the third amendment to the Credit Agreement, which increased the total facility by $708.7 million and extended the terms of the credit facilities. The term A and revolver maturity dates are August 2, 2022 and the term B maturity date is August 2,2024. The term A and revolver pricing remains the same and the term B pricing was reduced by 25 basis points to LIBOR plus 200 basis points. In addition, the Company pays a quarterly commitment fee at a rate per annum ranging from 0.20% to 0.40% of the daily unused portion of the credit facility. The Company has unamortized debt discounts of $6.4 million related to the term A facility, $0.7 million related to the term B facility and deferred financings costs of

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$5.4 million at September 30, 2017. In August 2017, the Company expensed $3.3 million and capitalized $10.6 million of debt issuance costs associated with the refinancing of its Credit Facility.
(b)
The Company is party to a $950 million receivables purchase agreement (Securitization Facility) that was amended and restated on December 1, 2015. There is a program fee equal to one month LIBOR and the Commercial Paper Rate of 1.27% plus 0.90% and 0.85% plus 0.90% as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. The unused facility fee is payable at a rate of 0.40% per annum as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.
(c)
Other debt includes the long-term portion of contingent consideration and deferred payments associated with certain of our businesses.
The Company was in compliance with all financial and non-financial covenants at September 30, 2017.

9. Income Taxes
The provision for income taxes differs from amounts computed by applying the U.S. federal tax rate of 35% to income before income taxes for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 due to the following (in thousands):
 
 
 
2017
 
2016
Computed tax expense at the U.S. federal tax rate
 
$
114,626

 
35.0
 %
 
$
59,571

 
35.0
 %
Changes resulting from:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign income tax differential
 
(9,247
)
 
(2.8
)%
 
(4,265
)
 
(2.5
)%
Excess tax benefits related to stock-based compensation
 
(4,360
)
 
(1.3
)%
 
(8,247
)
 
(4.9
)%
State taxes net of federal benefits
 
5,926

 
1.8
 %
 
1,678

 
1.0
 %
Foreign-sourced nontaxable income
 
1,558

 
0.5
 %
 
(6,691
)
 
(3.9
)%
Valuation allowance on investment loss
 
16,718

 
5.1
 %
 
960

 
0.6
 %
Other
 
(542
)
 
(0.2
)%
 
(2,420
)
 
(1.4
)%
Provision for income taxes
 
$
124,679

 
38.1
 %
 
$
40,586

 
23.9
 %

10. Earnings Per Share
The Company reports basic and diluted earnings per share. Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the reported period. Diluted earnings per share reflect the potential dilution related to equity-based incentives using the treasury stock method. The calculation and reconciliation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the three and nine months ended September 30 (in thousands, except per share data) follows:
 
 
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Net income
 
$
202,823

 
$
129,618

 
$
457,503

 
$
356,961

Denominator for basic earnings per share
 
90,751

 
92,631

 
91,619

 
92,604

Dilutive securities
 
2,250

 
2,676

 
2,304

 
2,600

Denominator for diluted earnings per share
 
93,001


95,307


93,923

 
95,204

Basic earnings per share
 
$
2.23

 
$
1.40

 
$
4.99

 
$
3.85

Diluted earnings per share
 
$
2.18

 
$
1.36

 
$
4.87

 
$
3.75

Diluted earnings per share for the three month periods ended September 30, 2017 excludes the effect of 3.5 million shares of common stock that may be issued upon the exercise of employee stock options because such effect would be antidilutive. Diluted earnings per share also excludes the effect of 0.3 million shares of performance based restricted stock for which the performance criteria have not yet been achieved for both the three month periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

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11. Segments
The Company reports information about its operating segments in accordance with the authoritative guidance related to segments. The Company’s reportable segments represent components of the business for which separate financial information is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker in determining how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company operates in two reportable segments, North America and International. The Company began reporting its results from Cambridge acquired in the third quarter of 2017 in its North America segment for Cambridge's business in the United States and Canada and within its International segment for Cambridge's business in all other countries outside of the United States and Canada. The Company is continuing to evaluate the allocation of Cambridge results to its reporting units and segments. The results of operations from the fuel card business acquired in Russia are included within our International segment, from the date of acquisition. There were no inter-segment sales.

The Company’s segment results are as follows for the three and nine month periods ended September 30 (in thousands): 
 
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Revenues, net:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
North America
 
$
364,443

 
$
345,868

 
$
1,037,386

 
$
950,542

International
 
213,434

 
138,558

 
602,161

 
366,051

 
 
$
577,877


$
484,426


$
1,639,547


$
1,316,593

Operating income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
North America
 
$
138,748

 
$
135,760

 
$
394,646

 
$
367,221

International
 
93,889

 
55,295

 
249,102

 
170,957

 
 
$
232,637


$
191,055


$
643,748


$
538,178

Depreciation and amortization:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
North America
 
$
37,600

 
$
32,739

 
$
104,161

 
$
96,351

International
 
31,556

 
24,345

 
94,570

 
45,497

 
 
$
69,156


$
57,084


$
198,731


$
141,848

Capital expenditures:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
North America
 
$
9,167

 
$
11,980

 
$
30,901

 
$
28,501

International
 
7,692

 
5,140

 
18,558

 
13,376

 
 
$
16,859


$
17,120


$
49,459


$
41,877

12. Commitments and Contingencies

In the ordinary course of business, the Company is involved in various pending or threatened legal actions, arbitration proceedings, claims, subpoenas, and matters relating to compliance with laws and regulations (collectively, legal proceedings).  Based on our current knowledge, management presently does not believe that the liabilities arising from these legal proceedings will have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. However, it is possible that the ultimate resolution of these legal proceedings could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition for any particular period.
Shareholder Class Action and Derivative Lawsuits
On June 14, 2017, a shareholder filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia against the Company and certain of its officers and directors on behalf of all persons who purchased or otherwise acquired the Company’s stock between February 5, 2016 and May 2, 2017. On October 13, 2017, the shareholder filed an amended complaint asserting claims on behalf of a putative class of all persons who purchased or otherwise acquired the Company's common stock between February 4, 2016 and May 3, 2017. The complaint alleges that the defendants made false or misleading statements regarding fee charges and the reasons for its earnings and growth in certain press releases and other public statements in violation of the federal securities laws. Plaintiff seeks class certification, unspecified monetary damages, costs, and attorneys’ fees. The Company disputes the allegations in the complaint and intends to vigorously defend against the claims.
On July 10, 2017, a shareholder derivative complaint was filed against the Company and certain of the Company’s directors and officers in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia seeking recovery on behalf of the Company. The derivative complaint alleges that the defendants issued a false and misleading proxy statement in violation of the federal securities laws; that defendants breached their fiduciary duties by causing or permitting the Company to make allegedly false

18

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and misleading public statements concerning the Company’s fee charges, and financial and business prospects; and that certain defendants breached their fiduciary duties through allegedly improper sales of stock. The complaint seeks unspecified monetary damages on behalf of the Company, corporate governance reforms, disgorgement of profits, benefits and compensation by the defendants, restitution, costs, and attorneys’ and experts’ fees. On August 18, 2017, the court entered an order deferring the case pending a ruling on the defendants' motion to dismiss the putative shareholder class action, or until otherwise agreed to by the parties. The defendants dispute the allegations in the complaint and intend to vigorously defend against the claims.
Estimating an amount or range of possible losses resulting from litigation proceedings is inherently difficult and requires an extensive degree of judgment, particularly where the matters involve indeterminate claims for monetary damages, and are in the stages of the proceedings where key factual and legal issues have not been resolved. For these reasons, the Company is currently unable to predict the ultimate timing or outcome of, or reasonably estimate the possible losses or a range of possible losses resulting from the matters described above.

13. Asset Dispositions

Telematics Businesses
As part of the Company's plan to exit the telematics business, on July 27, 2017, the Company sold NexTraq, a U.S. fleet telematics business, to Michelin Group for $316 million. The Company recorded a pre-tax gain on the disposal of NexTraq of $175.0 million during the third quarter of 2017, which is net of transaction closing costs. The Company recorded tax on the gain of disposal of $65.8 million. The gain on the disposal is included in other (income) expense, net in the accompanying Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income. NexTraq has historically been included in the Company's North America segment.

On September 30, 2017, the Company entered into an amended Masternaut investment agreement that resulted in the loss of significant influence, and the Company began accounting for the Masternaut investment by applying the cost method.

The Company regularly evaluates the carrying value of its investment and during the third quarter of 2017, the Company determined that the fair value of its 44% investment in Masternaut had declined as a result of the Company's loss of significant influence due to the amendment of the Masternaut investment agreement, executed September 30, 2017. As a result, the Company determined that the carrying value of its investment exceeded its fair value, and concluded that this decline in value was other than temporary. The Company recorded a $44.6 million impairment loss in the Masternaut investment that includes adjustment for $31.4 million of currency losses previously recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income, in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, in the accompanying Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income.



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14. Derivative Financial Instruments
As a result of the Cambridge acquisition, the Company writes derivatives, primarily foreign currency forward contracts and option contracts, mostly with small and medium size enterprises that are customers and derives a currency spread from this activity, which was acquired during the third quarter of 2017. Derivative transactions include:
Forward contracts, which are commitments to buy or sell at a future date a currency at a contract price and will be settled in cash.
Option contracts, which gives the purchaser, the right, but not the obligation to buy or sell within a specified time a currency at a contracted price that may be settled in cash.
Swap contracts, which are commitments to settlement in cash at a future date or dates, usually on an overnight basis.
The primary credit risk inherent in derivative agreements represents the possibility that a loss may occur from the nonperformance of a counterparty to the agreements. The Company performs a review of the credit risk of these counterparties at the inception of the contract and on an ongoing basis. The Company also monitors the concentration of its contracts with any individual counterparty against limits at the individual counterparty level. The Company anticipates that the counterparties will be able to fully satisfy their obligations under the agreements, but takes action when doubt arises about the counterparties' ability to perform. These actions may include requiring customers to post or increase collateral, and for all counterparties, the possible termination of the related contracts. The Company does not designate any of its foreign exchange derivatives as hedging instruments in accordance with ASC 815.

The aggregate equivalent United States dollar notional amount of foreign exchange derivative customer contracts held by the Company as of September 30, 2017 (in millions) is presented in the table below. Notional amounts do not reflect the netting of offsetting trades, although these offsetting positions may result in minimal overall market risk. Aggregate derivative notional amounts can fluctuate from period to period in the normal course of business based on market conditions, levels of customer activity and other factors.
 
Net Notional
Foreign exchange contracts:
 
  Swaps
$
272.8

  Futures, forwards and spot
3,174.1

  Written options
1,338.6

  Purchased options
1,765.0

Total
$
6,550.5


The majority of customer foreign exchange contracts are written in major currencies such as the U.S. Dollar, Canadian Dollar, British Pound, Euro and Australian Dollar.

The following table summarizes the fair value of derivatives reported in the Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2017 (in millions):
 
Derivative Assets
 
Derivative Liabilities
 
Fair Value
 
Fair Value
Derivatives - undesignated:
 
 
 
Over the counter
$
111.2

 
$
105.8

Exchange traded

 
0.4

Foreign exchange contracts
111.2

 
106.2

Cash collateral
(33.9
)
 
(20.3
)
Total net derivative assets and liabilities
$
77.3

 
$
85.9

The fair values of derivative assets and liabilities associated with contracts that include netting language that the Company believes to be enforceable have been netted to present the Company's net exposure with these counterparties. The Company recognizes all derivative assets in prepaid expense and other current assets and all derivative liabilities in other current liabilities, both net at the customer level as right of offset exists, in its Consolidated Balance Sheets at their fair value. The gain or loss on the fair value is recognized immediately within other (income) expense, net in the Consolidated Statements of Income. At September 30, 2017, $150.7 million derivative assets and $70.9 million derivative liabilities were recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

20

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Item 2.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the unaudited consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this report. In addition to historical information, this discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions that could cause actual results to differ materially from management’s expectations. See “Special Cautionary Notice Regarding Forward-Looking Statements”. All foreign currency amounts that have been converted into U.S. dollars in this discussion are based on the exchange rate as reported by OANDA for the applicable periods.
This management’s discussion and analysis should also be read in conjunction with the management’s discussion and analysis and consolidated financial statements and related notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.
General Business
Fleetcor is a leading global provider of commercial payment solutions. We primarily go to market with our fuel card payments product solutions, corporate payments products, toll products, lodging cards and gift cards. Our products are used in 53 countries around the world, with our primary geographies in the U.S., Brazil and the U.K., which accounted for approximately 92% of our revenue in 2016.  Our core products are primarily sold to businesses, retailers, major oil companies and marketers and government entities. Our payment programs enable our customers to better manage and control their commercial payments, card programs, and employee spending and provide card-accepting merchants with a high volume customer base that can increase their sales and customer loyalty. We also provide a suite of fleet related and workforce payment solution products, including mobile telematics services, fleet maintenance management and employee benefit and transportation related payments. In 2016, we processed approximately 2.2 billion transactions on our proprietary networks and third-party networks (which includes approximately 1.3 billion transactions related to our SVS product, acquired with Comdata). We believe that our size and scale, geographic reach, advanced technology and our expansive suite of products, services, brands and proprietary networks contribute to our leading industry position.
We provide our payment products and services in a variety of combinations to create customized payment solutions for our customers and partners. We collectively refer to our suite of product offerings as workforce productivity enhancement products for commercial businesses. We sell a range of customized fleet and lodging payment programs directly and indirectly to our customers through partners, such as major oil companies, leasing companies and petroleum marketers. We refer to these major oil companies, leasing companies, petroleum marketers, value-added resellers (VARs) and other referral partners with whom we have strategic relationships as our “partners.” We provide our customers with various card products that typically function like a charge card to purchase fuel, lodging, food, toll, transportation and related products and services at participating locations. While we refer to companies with whom we have strategic relationships as "partners", our legal relationships with these companies are contractual, and do not constitute legal partnerships.
We support our products with specialized issuing, processing and information services that enable us to manage card accounts, facilitate the routing, authorization, clearing and settlement of transactions, and provide value-added functionality and data, including customizable card-level controls and productivity analysis tools. In order to deliver our payment programs and services and process transactions, we own and operate proprietary “closed-loop” networks through which we electronically connect to merchants and capture, analyze and report customized information in North America and internationally. We also use third-party networks to deliver our payment programs and services in order to broaden our card acceptance and use. To support our payment products, we also provide a range of services, such as issuing and processing, as well as specialized information services that provide our customers with value-added functionality and data. Our customers can use this data to track important business productivity metrics, combat fraud and employee misuse, streamline expense administration and lower overall workforce and fleet operating costs. Depending on our customers’ and partners’ needs, we provide these services in a variety of outsourced solutions ranging from a comprehensive “end-to-end” solution (encompassing issuing, processing and network services) to limited back office processing services.
Executive Overview
We operate in two segments, which we refer to as our North America and International segments. Our revenue is reported net of the wholesale cost for underlying products and services. In this report, we refer to this net revenue as “revenue.” See “Results of Operations” for additional segment information. We report our results from Cambridge acquired in the third quarter of 2017 in our North America segment for Cambridge's business in the United States and Canada and within our International segment for Cambridge's business in all other countries outside of the United States and Canada. We are continuing to evaluate the

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allocation of Cambridge results to our reporting units and segments. As part of our plan to exit the telematics business, on July 27, 2017, we sold NexTraq, a U.S. fleet telematics business, which has historically been included in our North America segment.
 
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, our North America and International segments generated the following revenue (in millions):
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
(Unaudited)
 
Revenues, net
 
% of
total
revenues, net
 
Revenues, net
 
% of
total
revenues, net
 
Revenues, net
 
% of
total
revenues, net
 
Revenues, net
 
% of
total
revenues, net
North America
 
$
364.4

 
63.1
%
 
$
345.9

 
71.4
%
 
$
1,037.4

 
63.3
%
 
$
950.5

 
72.2
%
International
 
213.4

 
36.9
%
 
138.6

 
28.6
%
 
602.2

 
36.7
%
 
366.1

 
27.8
%
 
 
$
577.9

 
100.0
%
 
$
484.4

 
100.0
%
 
$
1,639.5

 
100.0
%
 
$
1,316.6

 
100.0
%

Revenues, net, Net Income and Net Income Per Diluted Share. Set forth below are revenues, net, net income and net income per diluted share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands, except per share amounts).
 
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Unaudited)
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Revenues, net
 
$
577,877

 
$
484,426

 
$
1,639,547

 
$
1,316,593

Net income
 
$
202,823

 
$
129,618

 
$
457,503

 
$
356,961

Net income per diluted share
 
$
2.18

 
$
1.36

 
$
4.87

 
$
3.75


Adjusted Revenues, Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Net Income Per Diluted Share. Set forth below are adjusted revenues, adjusted net income and adjusted net income per diluted share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands, except per share amounts).
 
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Unaudited)
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Adjusted revenues
 
$
550,190

 
$
456,212

 
$
1,556,857

 
$
1,237,838

Adjusted net income
 
$
202,769

 
$
183,310

 
$
574,795

 
$
478,959

Adjusted net income per diluted share
 
$
2.18

 
$
1.92

 
$
6.12

 
$
5.03

We use adjusted revenues as a basis to evaluate our revenues, net of the commissions that are paid to merchants that participate in certain of our card programs. The commissions paid to merchants can vary when market spreads fluctuate in much the same way as revenues are impacted when market spreads fluctuate. Thus, we believe this is an effective way to evaluate our revenue performance on a consistent basis. We use adjusted net income and adjusted net income per diluted share to eliminate the effect of items that we do not consider indicative of our core operating performance on a consistent basis. Adjusted revenues, adjusted net income and adjusted net income per diluted share are supplemental non-GAAP financial measures of operating performance. See the heading entitled “Management’s Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures.”
Sources of Revenue
Transactions. In both of our segments, we derive revenue from transactions. As illustrated in the diagram below, a transaction is defined as a purchase by a customer. Our customers include holders of our card products and those of our partners, for whom we manage card programs, members of our proprietary networks who are provided access to our products and services and commercial businesses to whom we provide workforce payment productivity solutions. Revenue from transactions is derived from our merchant and network relationships, as well as our customers and partners. Through our merchant and network relationships we primarily offer fuel cards, corporate cards, virtual cards, purchasing cards, T&E cards, gift cards, stored value payroll cards, vehicle maintenance, food, fuel, toll and transportation cards and vouchers and lodging services to our customers.
The following diagram illustrates a typical transaction flow, for our fuel card, vehicle maintenance, lodging and food, toll and transportation card and voucher products. This illustration is not applicable to all of our businesses.

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Illustrative Transaction Flowhttps://cdn.kscope.io/0611843bc5c37c344ea279836d7953b0-tranflowexamplea03.jpg
From our customers and partners, we derive revenue from a variety of program fees, including transaction fees, card fees, network fees and charges, which can be fixed fees, cost plus a mark-up or based on a percentage discount from retail prices. Our programs include other fees and charges associated with late payments and based on customer credit risk.
From our merchant and network relationships, we derive revenue mostly from the difference between the price charged to a customer for a transaction and the price paid to the merchant or network for the same transaction, as well as network fees and charges in certain businesses. As illustrated in the table below, the price paid to a merchant or network may be calculated as (i) the merchant’s wholesale cost of the product plus a markup; (ii) the transaction purchase price less a percentage discount; or (iii) the transaction purchase price less a fixed fee per unit.
The following table presents an illustrative revenue model for transactions with the merchant, which is primarily applicable to fuel based product transactions, but may also be applied to our vehicle maintenance, lodging and food, fuel, toll and transportation card and voucher products, substituting transactions for gallons. This representative model may not include all of our businesses.
Illustrative Revenue Model for Fuel Purchases
(unit of one gallon)
 
 
 
 
Merchant Payment Methods
Retail Price
 
$
3.00

 
i) Cost Plus Mark-up:
 
ii) Percentage Discount:
 
iii) Fixed Fee:
Wholesale Cost
 
(2.86
)
 
Wholesale Cost
 
$
2.86

 
Retail Price
 
$
3.00

 
Retail Price
 
$
3.00

 
 
 
 
Mark-up
 
0.05

 
Discount (3%)
 
(0.09
)
 
Fixed Fee
 
(0.09
)
FleetCor Revenue
 
$
0.14

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Merchant Commission
 
$
(0.05
)
 
Price Paid to Merchant
 
$
2.91

 
Price Paid to Merchant
 
$
2.91

 
Price Paid to Merchant
 
$
2.91

Price Paid to Merchant
 
$
2.91

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenues by geography, product and source. Set forth below are further breakdowns of revenue by geography, product and source for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 (in millions).
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
Revenue by Geography*
 
2017

2016
 
2017
 
2016
(Unaudited)
 
Revenues, net
 
% of
total
revenues, net
 
Revenues, net
 
% of
total
revenues, net
 
Revenues, net
 
% of
total
revenues, net
 
Revenues, net
 
% of
total
revenues, net
United States
 
$
358

 
62
%
 
$
346

 
71
%
 
$
1,031

 
63
%
 
$
951

 
72
%
United Kingdom
 
61

 
11
%
 
56

 
12
%
 
174

 
11
%
 
175

 
13
%
Brazil
 
101

 
17
%
 
43

 
9
%
 
287

 
17
%
 
78

 
6
%
Other
 
58

 
10
%
 
40

 
8
%
 
148

 
9
%
 
113

 
9
%
Consolidated revenues, net
 
$
578

 
100
%
 
$
484

 
100
%
 
$
1,640

 
100
%
 
$
1,317

 
100
%
*Columns may not calculate due to impact of rounding.

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Table of Contents

Subsequent to 2016, as we continued to refine the level of detail behind the product category splits, we reclassified certain amounts into "Other" that we believe are more representative of that category.   This reclassification has been applied to the 2016 and 2017 comparable data disclosed in the "Revenue by Product Category" table below.
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,8
Revenue by Product Category*
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
(Unaudited)
 
Revenues,
net
 
% of total revenues, net
 
Revenues,
net
 
% of total
revenues, net
 
Revenues,
net
 
% of
total
revenues, net
 
Revenues,
net
 
% of total
revenues, net
Fuel cards
 
$
276

 
48
%
 
$
259

 
53
%
 
$
815

 
50
%
 
$
741

 
56
%
Corporate Payments
 
72

 
12
%
 
46

 
10
%
 
169

 
10
%
 
132

 
10
%
Tolls
 
83

 
14
%
 
26

 
5
%
 
236

 
14
%
 
30

 
2
%
Lodging
 
33

 
6
%
 
28

 
6
%
 
86

 
5
%
 
74

 
6
%
Gift
 
55

 
9
%
 
58

 
12
%
 
144

 
9
%
 
138

 
10
%
Other
 
59

 
10
%
 
67

 
14
%
 
189

 
12
%
 
201

 
15
%
Consolidated revenues, net
 
$
578

 
100
%
 
$
484

 
100
%
 
$
1,640

 
100
%
 
$
1,317

 
100
%
*Columns may not calculate due to impact of rounding.
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,8
Major Sources of Revenue*
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
(Unaudited)
Revenues,
net
 
% of total
revenues, net
 
Revenues,
net
 
% of total
revenues, net
 
Revenues,
net
 
% of total
revenues, net
 
Revenues,
net
 
% of total
revenues, net
Customer
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   Processing and program revenue1
$
288

 
50
%
 
$
218

 
45
%
 
$
781

 
48
%
 
$
563

 
43
%
Late fees and finance charges2
34

 
6
%
 
31

 
6
%
 
105

 
6
%
 
86

 
7
%
Miscellaneous fees3
32

 
5
%
 
34

 
7
%
 
97

 
6
%
 
93

 
7
%
 
354

 
61
%
 
283

 
58
%
 
983

 
60
%
 
742

 
56
%
Merchant


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


Discount revenue (fuel)4
77

 
13
%
 
68

 
14
%
 
223

 
14
%
 
194

 
15
%
Discount revenue (nonfuel)5
45

 
8
%
 
40

 
8
%
 
130

 
8
%
 
116

 
9
%
Tied to fuel-price spreads6
53

 
9
%
 
53

 
11
%
 
165

 
10
%
 
145

 
11
%
Program revenue7
49

 
8
%
 
41

 
8
%
 
139

 
8
%
 
119

 
9
%
 
224

 
39
%
 
202

 
42
%
 
657

 
40
%
 
574

 
44
%
Consolidated revenues, net
$
578

 
100
%
 
$
484

 
100
%
 
$
1,640

 
100
%
 
$
1,317

 
100
%
1Includes revenue from customers based on accounts, cards, devices, transactions, load amounts and/or purchase amounts, etc. for participation in our various fleet and workforce related programs; as well as, revenue from partners (e.g., major retailers, leasing companies, oil companies, petroleum marketers, etc.) for processing and network management services. Primarily represents revenue from North American trucking, lodging, prepaid benefits, telematics, gifts cards and toll related businesses.
2Fees for late payment and interest charges for carrying a balance charged to a customer.
3Non-standard fees charged to customers based on customer behavior or optional participation, primarily including high credit risk surcharges, over credit limit charges, minimum processing fees, printing and mailing fees, environmental fees, etc.
4Interchange revenue directly influenced by the absolute price of fuel and other interchange related to fuel products.
5Interchange revenue related to nonfuel products.
6Revenue derived from the difference between the price charged to a fleet customer for a transaction and the price paid to the merchant for the same transaction.
7Revenue derived primarily from the sale of equipment, software and related maintenance to merchants.
8Amounts shown for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 reflect immaterial corrections in estimated allocation of revenue by product and sources of revenue from previously disclosed amounts for the prior period.
*We may not be able to precisely calculate revenue by source, as certain estimates were made in these allocations. Columns may not calculate due to impact of rounding. This table reflects how management views the sources of revenue and may not be consistent with prior disclosure.


24

Table of Contents

Revenue per transaction. Set forth below is revenue per transaction information for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016: 
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Unaudited)
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Transactions (in millions)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
North America
 
398.4

 
370.1

 
1,301.1

 
1,214.3

International
 
280.7

 
127.4

 
823.0

 
233.3

Total transactions
 
679.1


497.5


2,124.1


1,447.6

Revenue per transaction
 

 

 
 
 
 
North America
 
$
0.91

 
$
0.93

 
$
0.80

 
$
0.78

International
 
0.76

 
1.09

 
0.73

 
1.57

Consolidated revenue per transaction
 
0.85

 
0.97

 
0.77

 
0.91

For the three months ended September 30, 2017, total transactions increased from 497.5 million to 679.1 million, an increase of 181.6 million transactions, or 37%. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, total transactions increased from 1,447.6 million to 2,124.1 million, an increase of 676.4 million transactions, or 47%. North American segment transactions increased approximately 8% and 7% in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to 2016, respectively, due primarily to growth in our SVS and fuel card businesses. Transaction volumes in our international segment increased by 120% and 253% in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to 2016, respectively, primarily due to the acquisition of STP and Travelcard during the third quarter of 2016.

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Table of Contents

Set forth below is further breakdown of revenue and revenue per transaction, by product category for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 (in millions except revenues, net per transaction)*:
 
 
As Reported
 
Pro Forma and Macro Adjusted2
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
(Unaudited)
 
2017
 
2016
 
Change
 
Change
 
20173
 
20164
 
Change
 
Change
FUEL CARDS
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
‑Transactions5
 
119.6

 
112.5

 
7.1

 
6
 %
 
119.6

 
113.6

 
6.0

 
5
 %
‑Revenues, net per transaction
 
$
2.31

 
$
2.30

 
$
0.01

 
 %
 
$
2.29

 
$
2.28

 
$
0.01

 
 %
‑ Revenues, net
 
$
276.2

 
$
258.8

 
$
17.4

 
7
 %
 
$
274.0

 
$
259.5

 
$
14.5

 
6
 %
CORPORATE PAYMENTS
 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


‑Transactions
 
10.9

 
10.0

 
0.9

 
9
 %
 
10.9

 
10.2

 
0.7

 
7
 %
‑Revenues, net per transaction
 
$
6.63

 
$
4.61

 
$
2.02

 
44
 %
 
$
6.58

 
$
5.99

 
$
0.58

 
10
 %
‑ Revenues, net
 
$
72.2

 
$
46.1

 
$
26.1

 
57
 %
 
$
71.7

 
$
61.3

 
$
10.4

 
17
 %
TOLLS
 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


‑Transactions
 
231.0

 
81.1

 
149.8

 
185
 %
 
231.0

 
225.0

 
5.9

 
3
 %
‑Revenues, net per transaction
 
$
0.36

 
$
0.32

 
$
0.04

 
13
 %
 
$
0.35

 
$
0.30

 
$
0.05

 
16
 %
‑ Revenues, net
 
$
82.9

 
$
25.8

 
$
57.1

 
221
 %
 
$
80.8

 
$
67.8

 
$
13.0

 
19
 %
LODGING
 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


‑Transactions
 
4.1

 
3.5

 
0.6

 
17
 %
 
4.1

 
3.5

 
0.6

 
17
 %
‑Revenues, net per transaction
 
$
8.14

 
$
8.04

 
$
0.10

 
1
 %
 
$
8.14

 
$
8.04

 
$
0.10

 
1
 %
‑ Revenues, net
 
$
33.2

 
$
28.1

 
$
5.2

 
18
 %
 
$
33.2

 
$
28.1

 
$
5.2

 
18
 %
GIFT
 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


‑Transactions
 
294.1

 
269.5

 
24.6

 
9
 %
 
294.1

 
269.5

 
24.6

 
9
 %
‑Revenues, net per transaction
 
$
0.19

 
$
0.22

 
$
(0.03
)
 
(14
)%
 
$
0.19

 
$
0.22

 
$
(0.03
)
 
(14
)%
‑ Revenues, net
 
$
54.8

 
$
58.3

 
$
(3.5
)
 
(6
)%
 
$
54.8

 
$
58.3

 
$
(3.5
)
 
(6
)%
OTHER1
 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


‑Transactions5
 
19.4

 
20.8

 
(1.4
)
 
(7
)%
 
19.4

 
20.4

 
(1.0
)
 
(5
)%
‑Revenues, net per transaction
 
$
3.01

 
$
3.24

 
$
(0.22
)
 
(7
)%
 
$
2.99

 
$
2.80

 
$
0.20

 
7
 %
‑ Revenues, net
 
$
58.5

 
$
67.4

 
$
(8.8
)
 
(13
)%
 
$
58.1

 
$
57.1

 
$
1.0

 
2
 %
FLEETCOR CONSOLIDATED REVENUES
 


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


‑Transactions5
 
679.1

 
497.5

 
181.6

 
37
 %
 
679.1

 
642.2

 
36.8

 
6
 %
‑Revenues, net per transaction
 
$
0.85

 
$
0.97

 
$
(0.12
)
 
(13
)%
 
$
0.84

 
$
0.83

 
$
0.01

 
2
 %
‑ Revenues, net
 
$
577.9

 
$
484.4

 
$
93.5

 
19
 %
 
$
572.6

 
$
532.1

 
$
40.6

 
8
 %
*Columns may not calculate due to impact of rounding.
1Other includes telematics, maintenance, food, and transportation related businesses.
2 Pro forma and macro adjusted revenue is a non-GAAP financial measure defined as revenues, net adjusted for the impact of the macroeconomic environment and acquisitions and dispositions and other one-time items. We use pro forma and macro adjusted revenue as a basis to evaluate our organic growth. See the heading entitled “Management’s Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for a reconciliation of pro forma and macro adjusted revenue by product, non-GAAP measures, to the GAAP equivalent.
32017 is adjusted to remove the impact of changes in the macroeconomic environment to be consistent with the same period of prior year, using constant fuel prices, fuel price spreads and foreign exchange rates.
42016 is pro forma to include acquisitions and exclude dispositions consistent with 2017 ownership.
52016 and YTD 2017 transactions reflect immaterial corrections from previously disclosed amounts for the prior period.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Revenue per transaction is derived from the various revenue types as discussed above and can vary based on geography, the relevant merchant relationship, the payment product utilized and the types of products or services purchased, the mix of which would be influenced by our acquisitions, organic growth in our business, and the overall macroeconomic environment, including fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, fuel prices and fuel spread margins. Revenue per transaction per customer changes as the level of services we provide to a customer increases or decreases, as macroeconomic factors change and as adjustments are made to merchant and customer rates. See “Results of Operations” for further discussion of transaction volumes and revenue per transaction.

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Sources of Expenses
We incur expenses in the following categories:
 
Merchant commissions—In certain of our card programs, we incur merchant commissions expense when we reimburse merchants with whom we have direct, contractual relationships for specific transactions where a customer purchases products or services from the merchant. In the card programs where it is paid, merchant commissions equal the difference between the price paid by us to the merchant and the merchant’s wholesale cost of the underlying products or services.
Processing—Our processing expense consists of expenses related to processing transactions, servicing our customers and merchants, bad debt expense and cost of goods sold related to our hardware sales in certain businesses.
Selling—Our selling expenses consist primarily of wages, benefits, sales commissions (other than merchant commissions) and related expenses for our sales, marketing and account management personnel and activities.
General and administrative—Our general and administrative expenses include compensation and related expenses (including stock-based compensation) for our executives, finance and accounting, information technology, human resources, legal and other administrative personnel. Also included are facilities expenses, third-party professional services fees, travel and entertainment expenses, and other corporate-level expenses.
Depreciation and amortization—Our depreciation expenses include depreciation of property and equipment, consisting of computer hardware and software (including proprietary software development amortization expense), card-reading equipment, furniture, fixtures, vehicles and buildings and leasehold improvements related to office space. Our amortization expenses include amortization of intangible assets related to customer and vendor relationships, trade names and trademarks, software and non-compete agreements. We are amortizing intangible assets related to business acquisitions and certain private label contracts associated with the purchase of accounts receivable.
Other operating, net—Our other operating, net includes other operating expenses and income items unusual to the period and presented separately.
Investment loss (income)—Our investment results relate to our minority interest in Masternaut, a provider of telematics solutions to commercial fleets in Europe, which we historically accounted for using the equity method. On September 30, 2017, we entered into an amended Masternaut investment agreement that resulted in the loss of significant influence, and we began accounting for the Masternaut investment by applying the cost method.
Other expense (income), net—Our other expense (income), net includes foreign currency transaction gains or losses, proceeds/costs from the sale of assets and other miscellaneous operating costs and revenue.
Interest expense, net—Our interest expense, net includes interest income on our cash balances and interest expense on our outstanding debt and on our Securitization Facility. We have historically invested our cash primarily in short-term money market funds.
Loss on extinguishment of debt—Loss on extinguishment of debt relates to our write-off of debt issuance costs associated with the refinancing of our existing credit facility.
Provision for income taxes—Our provision for income taxes consists primarily of corporate income taxes related to profits resulting from the sale of our products and services in the United States and internationally.
Factors and Trends Impacting our Business
We believe that the following factors and trends are important in understanding our financial performance:
 
Fuel prices—Our fleet customers use our products and services primarily in connection with the purchase of fuel. Accordingly, our revenue is affected by fuel prices, which are subject to significant volatility. A change in retail fuel prices could cause a decrease or increase in our revenue from several sources, including fees paid to us based on a percentage of each customer’s total purchase. Changes in the absolute price of fuel may also impact unpaid account balances and the late fees and charges based on these amounts. See “Sources of Revenue” above for further information related to the absolute price of fuel.
Fuel-price spread volatility—A portion of our revenue involves transactions where we derive revenue from fuel-price spreads, which is the difference between the price charged to a fleet customer for a transaction and the price paid to the merchant for the same transaction. In these transactions, the price paid to the merchant is based on the wholesale cost of fuel. The merchant’s wholesale cost of fuel is dependent on several factors including, among others, the factors described above affecting fuel prices. The fuel price that we charge to our customer is dependent on several factors including, among others, the fuel price paid to the merchant, posted retail fuel prices and competitive fuel prices. We experience fuel-price spread contraction when the merchant’s wholesale cost of fuel increases at a faster rate than the fuel price we charge to our customers, or the fuel price we charge to our customers decreases at a faster rate than the merchant’s wholesale cost of fuel. See “Sources of Revenue” above for further information related to fuel-price spreads.

27

Table of Contents

Acquisitions—Since 2002, we have completed over 75 acquisitions of companies and commercial account portfolios. Acquisitions have been an important part of our growth strategy, and it is our intention to continue to seek opportunities to increase our customer base and diversify our service offering through further strategic acquisitions. The impact of acquisitions has, and may continue to have, a significant impact on our results of operations and may make it difficult to compare our results between periods.
Interest rates—Our results of operations are affected by interest rates. We are exposed to market risk to changes in interest rates on our cash investments and debt.
Global economic conditions—Our results of operations are materially affected by conditions in the economy generally, both in North America and internationally. Factors affected by the economy include our transaction volumes and the credit risk of our customers. These factors affected our businesses in both our North America and International segments.
Foreign currency changes—Our results of operations are significantly impacted by changes in foreign currency rates; namely, by movements of the Australian dollar, Brazilian real, British pound, Canadian dollar, Czech koruna, Euro, Mexican peso, New Zealand dollar and Russian ruble, relative to the U.S. dollar. Approximately 63% and 72% of our revenue in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, was derived in U.S. dollars and was not affected by foreign currency exchange rates. See “Results of Operations” for information related to foreign currency impact on our total revenue, net.
Expenses— Over the long term, we expect that our general and administrative expense will decrease as a percentage of revenue as our revenue increases. To support our expected revenue growth, we plan to continue to incur additional sales and marketing expense by investing in our direct marketing, third-party agents, internet marketing, telemarketing and field sales force.

Acquisitions and Investments

On August 9, 2017, we acquired Cambridge Global Payments (“Cambridge”), a leading business to business (B2B) international payments provider, for approximately $584.1 million in cash, net of cash acquired of $132.3 million and inclusive of a note payable of $23.9 million. Cambridge processes B2B cross-border payments, assisting business clients in making international payments to suppliers and employees. The purpose of this acquisition is to further expand our corporate payments footprint.

On September 26, 2017, we acquired a fuel card provider in Russia. On October 13, 2017, we completed the acquisition of Creative Lodging Solutions ("CLS"), a small lodging tuck-in business.

During 2016, we completed acquisitions with an aggregate purchase price of $1.30 billion, net of cash acquired of $51.3 million, which includes deferred payments made during the period related to prior year acquisitions of $6.1 million.

In August 2016, we acquired all of the outstanding stock of STP for $1.23 billion, net of cash acquired of $40.2 million. STP is an electronic toll payments company in Brazil and provides cardless fuel payments at a number of Shell sites throughout Brazil. The purpose of this acquisition was to expand our presence in the toll market in Brazil. We financed the acquisition using a combination of existing cash and borrowings under our credit facility.
During 2016, we acquired additional fuel card portfolios in the U.S. and the United Kingdom, additional Shell fuel card markets in Europe and Travelcard in the Netherlands totaling $76.7 million, net of cash acquired of $11.1 million.
During 2016, we made additional investments of $7.9 million related to our investment in Masternaut. We also received a $9.2 million return of our investment in Masternaut.

We report our results from Cambridge acquired in the third quarter of 2017 in our North America segment for Cambridge's business in the United States and Canada and within our International segment for Cambridge's business in all other countries outside of the United States and Canada. We are continuing to evaluate the allocation of Cambridge results to our reporting units and segments. The results of operations from the fuel card business in Russia are included within our International segment, from the date of acquisition. The results of operations from the fuel card portfolio acquired in the U.S. are included within our North America segment, from the date of acquisition. The results of operations of STP, the fuel card portfolio in the United Kingdom, the additional Shell markets, the Travelcard business in the Netherlands and the small business in Brazil are included within our International segment, from the date of acquisition.

Asset Dispositions

Telematics Businesses
As part of our plan to exit the telematics business, on July 27, 2017, we sold NexTraq, a U.S. fleet telematics business, to Michelin Group for $316 million. We recorded a pre-tax gain on the disposal of NexTraq of $175.0 million during the third quarter of 2017, which is net of transaction closing costs. We recorded tax on the gain of disposal of $65.8 million. The gain

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on the disposal is included in other (income) expense, net in the accompanying Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income. NexTraq has historically been included in our North America segment.

On September 30, 2017, we entered into an amended Masternaut investment agreement that resulted in the loss of significant influence, and we began accounting for the Masternaut investment by applying the cost method.

We regularly evaluate the carrying value of our Masternaut investment and during the third quarter of 2017, we determined that the fair value of our 44% investment in Masternaut had declined as a result of our loss of significant influence due to the amendment of the Masternaut investment agreement, executed September 30, 2017. As a result, we determined that the carrying value of our investment exceeded its fair value, and concluded that this decline in value was other than temporary. We recorded a $44.6 million impairment loss in the Masternaut investment that includes adjustment for $31.4 million of currency losses previously recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income, in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, in the accompanying Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income.



29

Table of Contents

Results of Operations
Three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016
The following table sets forth selected consolidated statement of income data for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands).
(Unaudited)
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
 
% of total
revenue
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2016
 
% of total
revenue
 
Increase
(decrease)
 
% Change
Revenues, net:
 
 
 
 
 
 
North America
 
$
364,443

 
63.1
 %
 
$
345,868

 
71.4
 %
 
$
18,575

 
5.4
 %
International
 
213,434

 
36.9
 %
 
138,558

 
28.6
 %
 
74,876

 
54.0
 %
Total revenues, net
 
577,877

 
100.0
 %
 
484,426

 
100.0
 %
 
93,451

 
19.3
 %
Consolidated operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Merchant commissions
 
27,687

 
4.8
 %
 
28,214

 
5.8
 %
 
(527
)
 
(1.9
)%
Processing
 
111,283

 
19.3
 %
 
96,233

 
19.9
 %
 
15,050

 
15.6
 %
Selling
 
45,060

 
7.8
 %
 
34,180

 
7.1
 %
 
10,880

 
31.8
 %
General and administrative
 
92,043

 
15.9
 %
 
77,904

 
16.1
 %
 
14,139

 
18.1
 %
Depreciation and amortization
 
69,156

 
12.0
 %
 
57,084

 
11.8
 %
 
12,072

 
21.1
 %
Other operating, net
 
11

 
 %
 
(244
)
 
(0.1
)%
 
255

 
104.5
 %
Operating income
 
232,637

 
40.3
 %
 
191,055

 
39.4
 %
 
41,582

 
21.8
 %
Investment loss
 
47,766

 
8.3
 %
 
2,744

 
0.6
 %
 
45,022

 
1,640.7
 %
Other (income) expense, net
 
(175,271
)
 
(30.3
)%
 
293

 
0.1
 %
 
175,564

 
NM

Interest expense, net
 
29,344

 
5.1
 %
 
17,814

 
3.7
 %
 
11,530

 
64.7
 %
Loss on extinguishment of debt
 
3,296

 
0.6
 %
 

 
 %
 
3,296

 
 %
Provision for income taxes
 
124,679

 
21.6
 %
 
40,586

 
8.4
 %
 
84,093

 
207.2
 %
Net income
 
$
202,823

 
35.1
 %
 
$
129,618

 
26.8
 %
 
$
73,205

 
56.5
 %
Operating income for segments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
North America
 
$
138,748

 
 
 
$
135,760

 
 
 
$
2,988

 
2.2
 %
International
 
93,889

 
 
 
55,295

 
 
 
38,594

 
69.8
 %
Operating income
 
$
232,637

 
 
 
$
191,055

 
 
 
$
41,582

 
21.8
 %
Operating margin for segments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
North America
 
38.1
%
 
 
 
39.3
%
 
 
 
(1.2
)%
 
 
International
 
44.0
%
 
 
 
39.9
%
 
 
 
4.1
 %
 
 
Consolidated
 
40.3
%
 
 
 
39.4
%
 
 
 
0.8
 %
 
 
NM = Not Meaningful
The sum of the columns and rows may not calculate due to rounding.

Revenues
Our consolidated revenues increased from $484.4 million in the three months ended September 30, 2016 to $577.9 million in the three months ended September 30, 2017, an increase of $93.5 million, or 19.3%. The increase in our consolidated revenue was primarily due to:

The impact of acquisitions during 2016 and 2017, which contributed approximately $58 million in additional revenue.
Organic growth of approximately 8% on a constant fuel price, fuel spread margin, foreign currency and pro forma basis, driven by increases in both volume and revenue per transaction in certain of our payment programs.

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Although we cannot precisely measure the impact of the macroeconomic environment, in total we believe it had a favorable impact on our consolidated revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2017 over the comparable period in 2016 of approximately $4 million. This was primarily due to favorable changes in foreign exchange rates in Brazil and the United Kingdom in the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to 2016.

These increases were partially offset by the impact of the disposition of the NexTraq business in July 2017 of approximately $10 million.

North America segment revenues
North America revenues increased from $345.9 million in the three months ended September 30, 2016 to $364.4 million in the three months ended September 30, 2017, an increase of $18.6 million, or 5.4%. The increase in our North America segment revenue was primarily due to:

The impact of our Cambridge acquisition during the third quarter of 2017, which contributed approximately $12 million in additional revenue.
Organic growth of approximately 5%, on a constant fuel price, fuel spread margin and pro forma basis, driven by increases in both volume and revenue per transaction in certain of our payment programs.
Although we cannot precisely measure the impact of the macroeconomic environment, in total we believe it had a negative impact on our North America segment revenue in three months ended September 30, 2017 over the comparable period in 2016 of approximately $2 million, primarily due to the impact of lower fuel spread margins.

These increases were partially offset by the impact of the disposition of the NexTraq business in July 2017 of approximately $10 million.

International segment revenues
International segment revenues increased from $138.6 million in the three months ended September 30, 2016 to $213.4 million in the three months ended September 30, 2017, an increase of $74.9 million, or 54.0%. The increase in our International segment revenue was primarily due to:
 
The impact of acquisitions during 2016 and 2017, which contributed approximately $46 million in additional revenue.
Organic growth of approximately 12% on a constant macroeconomic and pro forma basis, driven by increases in both volume and revenue per transaction in certain of our payment programs.
Although we cannot precisely measure the impact of the macroeconomic environment, in total we believe it had a positive impact on our International segment revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2017 over the comparable period in 2016 of approximately $6 million. Changes in foreign exchange rates and fuel price had favorable impacts on consolidated revenues of approximately $4 million and $2 million, respectively.
Consolidated operating expenses
Merchant commissions. Merchant commissions decreased from $28.2 million in the three months ended September 30, 2016 to $27.7 million in the three months ended September 30, 2017, a decrease of $0.5 million, or 1.9%. This decrease was primarily due to the fluctuation of the margin between the wholesale cost and retail price of fuel.
Processing. Processing expenses increased from $96.2 million in the three months ended September 30, 2016 to $111.3 million in the three months ended September 30, 2017, an increase of $15.1 million, or 15.6%. Increases in processing expenses were primarily due to expenses related to acquisitions completed in 2016 and 2017 of approximately $14 million and the impact of foreign exchange rates and incremental spend due to increases in volume. These increases were partially offset by the impact of disposition of the NexTraq business of approximately $3 million and lower bad debt expense of approximately $2 million.
Selling. Selling expenses increased from $34.2 million in the three months ended September 30, 2016 to $45.1 million in the three months ended September 30, 2017, an increase of $10.9 million, or 31.8%. Increases in spending were primarily due to ongoing incremental expenses related to acquisitions completed in 2016 and 2017 of approximately $9 million, additional spending in certain lines of business and the impact of foreign exchange rates. These increases were partially offset by the impact of disposition of the NexTraq business of approximately $1 million.
General and administrative. General and administrative expenses increased from $77.9 million in the three months ended September 30, 2016 to $92.0 million in the three months ended September 30, 2017, an increase of $14.1 million, or 18.1%. The increase was primarily due to ongoing expenses related to acquisitions completed in 2016 and 2017 of approximately $10 million, increased stock based compensation expense of approximately $7 million and the impact of foreign exchange rates. These increases were partially offset by the impact of disposition of the NexTraq business of approximately $1 million.

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Depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization increased from $57.1 million in the three months ended September 30, 2016 to $69.2 million in the three months ended September 30, 2017, an increase of $12.1 million, or 21.1%. The increase was primarily due to amortization of intangible assets related to acquisitions completed in 2016 and 2017 of approximately $13 million, incremental expense related to capitalized development of software and the impact of foreign exchange rates. These increases were partially offset by the impact of disposition of the NexTraq business of approximately $2 million.

Investment loss. Investment loss was $47.8 million in the three months ended September 30, 2017, compared to $2.7 million in the three months ended September 30, 2016. We regularly evaluate the carrying value of our Masternaut investment and during the third quarter of 2017, we determined that the fair value of our 44% investment in Masternaut had declined as a result of our loss of significant influence due to the amendment of the Masternaut investment agreement, executed September 30, 2017. As a result, we determined that the carrying value of our investment exceeded its fair value, and concluded that this decline in value was other than temporary. We recorded a $44.6 million impairment loss in the Masternaut investment that includes adjustment for $31.4 million of currency losses previously recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income, in the three months ended September 30, 2017, in the accompanying Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income. There was also a non-recurring net recovery of purchase price of approximately $11 million during the second quarter of 2016.

Other (income) expense, net. Other income, net was $175.3 million in the three months ended September 30, 2017, compared to other expense, net of $0.3 million in the three months ended September 30, 2016. The increase was due primarily to the pre-tax gain on the sale of our Nextraq business of $175 million in the third quarter of 2017.

Interest expense, net. Interest expense increased from $17.8 million in the three months ended September 30, 2016 to $29.3 million in the three months ended September 30, 2017, an increase of $11.5 million, or 64.7%. The increase in interest expense is primarily due to the impact of additional borrowings to finance the acquisitions of STP and Travelcard completed during the third quarter of 2016 and Cambridge completed during the third quarter of 2017, and increases in LIBOR. The following table sets forth the average interest rates paid on borrowings under our Credit Facility, excluding the related unused credit facility fees.
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
(Unaudited)
 
2017
 
2016
Term loan A
 
2.98
%
 
1.99
%
Term loan B
 
3.32
%
 
3.75
%
Domestic Revolver A
 
2.99
%
 
2.08
%
Foreign Revolver A
 
2.00
%
 
1.77
%
Foreign swing line
 
1.97
%
 
1.73
%
The average unused credit facility fee for Domestic Revolver A was 0.35% and 0.30% in the three month period ending September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
Loss on extinguishment of debt. Loss on early extinguishment of debt of $3.3 million relates to our write-off of debt issuance costs associated with the refinancing of our existing credit facility during the third quarter of 2017.
Provision for income taxes. The provision for income taxes increased from $40.6 million in the three months ended September 30, 2016 to $124.7 million in the three months ended September 30, 2017, an increase of $84.1 million, or 207.2%. We provide for income taxes during interim periods based on an estimate of our effective tax rate for the year. Discrete items and changes in the estimate of the annual tax rate are recorded in the period they occur. Our effective tax rate increased from 23.9% for three months ended September 30, 2016 to 38.1% for the three months ended September 30, 2017. The 2017 tax rate was impacted by the gain on sale of the NexTraq business of $175 million, all at the higher U.S. tax rate, and the Masternaut impairment charge in the quarter, which had no corresponding tax benefit. Our tax rate in the quarter was 29.4%, excluding the impact of the NexTraq sale, investment impairment and loss on extinguishment of debt. The 2016 tax rate was favorably impacted by a one-time nonrecurring net gain at our Masternaut investment that favorably impacted pre-tax earnings, but was not subject to income tax. The 2016 rate was also favorably impacted by higher excess tax benefits on share-based compensation in the third quarter of 2016 versus the third quarter of 2017.
We pay taxes in many different taxing jurisdictions, including the U.S., most U.S. states and many non-U.S. jurisdictions. The tax rates in certain non-U.S. taxing jurisdictions are lower than the U.S. tax rate. Consequently, as our earnings fluctuate between taxing jurisdictions, our effective tax rate fluctuates. Also, the excess tax benefit on share based compensation is part

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of the effective tax rate. As a result, the tax rate is impacted by the number of stock options exercised or restricted shares vested during the reporting period.
Net income. For the reasons discussed above, our net income increased from $129.6 million in the three months ended September 30, 2016 to $202.8 million in the three months ended September 30, 2017, an increase of $73.2 million, or 56.5%.
Operating income and operating margin
Consolidated operating income. Operating income increased from $191.1 million in the three months ended September 30, 2016 to $232.6 million in the three months ended September 30, 2017, an increase of $41.6 million, or 21.8%. Our operating margin was 39.4% and 40.3% for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2017, respectively. The increase in operating income was primarily due to acquisitions completed in 2016 and 2017 and organic growth, as well as the positive impact of the macroeconomic environment of approximately $4 million, driven primarily by favorable fuel prices and fluctuations in foreign exchange rates. These increases were partially offset by the negative impact of higher amortization and depreciation expense related to acquisitions of STP and Travelcard completed in the third quarter of 2016 and Cambridge completed in the third quarter of 2017, additional stock based compensation of approximately $7 million and the disposition of the NexTraq business in July 2017 of approximately $4 million.
For the purpose of segment operating results, we calculate segment operating income by subtracting segment operating expenses from segment revenue. Segment operating margin is calculated by dividing segment operating income by segment revenue.

North America segment operating income. North America operating income increased from $135.8 million in the three months ended September 30, 2016 to $138.7 million in the three months ended September 30, 2017, an increase of $3.0 million, or 2.2%. North America operating margin was 39.3% and 38.1% for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2017, respectively. The increase in operating income was due primarily to organic growth and the positive impact of the macroeconomic environment of approximately $1 million, driven by favorable fuel prices. These increases were partially offset by additional stock based compensation of approximately $6 million, the negative impact of higher amortization and depreciation expense related to our acquisition of Cambridge in the third quarter of 2017 and the disposition of the NexTraq business in July 2017 of approximately $4 million.

International segment operating income. International operating income increased from $55.3 million in the three months ended September 30, 2016 to $93.9 million in the three months ended September 30, 2017, an increase of $38.6 million, or 69.8%. International operating margin was 39.9% and 44.0% for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2017, respectively. The increase in operating income was due primarily to the impact of acquisitions completed in 2016 and organic growth, as well as the positive impact of the macroeconomic environment of approximately $3 million, driven primarily by favorable fluctuations in foreign exchange rates. The higher operating margin was driven by the positive impact of process improvements in our recently acquired STP business, offset by higher amortization and depreciation expense related to acquisitions of STP and Travelcard completed in the third quarter of 2016 and additional stock based compensation expense of approximately $1 million.

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Nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016
The following table sets forth selected consolidated statement of income data for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands).
(Unaudited)
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
 
% of total
revenue
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
 
% of total
revenue
 
Increase
(decrease)
 
% Change
Revenues, net:
 
 
 
 
 
 
North America
 
$
1,037,386

 
63.3
 %
 
$
950,542

 
72.2
 %
 
$
86,844

 
9.1
 %
International
 
602,161

 
36.7
 %
 
366,051

 
27.8
 %
 
236,110

 
64.5
 %
Total revenues, net
 
1,639,547

 
100.0
 %
 
1,316,593

 
100.0
 %
 
322,954

 
24.5
 %
Consolidated operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Merchant commissions
 
82,690

 
5.0
 %
 
78,755

 
6.0
 %
 
3,935

 
5.0
 %
Processing
 
316,429

 
19.3
 %
 
256,738

 
19.5
 %
 
59,691

 
23.2
 %
Selling
 
122,854

 
7.5
 %
 
92,680

 
7.0
 %
 
30,174

 
32.6
 %
General and administrative
 
275,046

 
16.8
 %
 
209,084

 
15.9
 %
 
65,962

 
31.5
 %
Depreciation and amortization
 
198,731

 
12.1
 %
 
141,848

 
10.8
 %
 
56,883

 
40.1
 %
Other operating, net
 
49

 
 %
 
(690
)
 
(0.1
)%
 
739

 
107.1
 %
Operating income
 
643,748

 
39.3
 %
 
538,178

 
40.9
 %
 
105,570

 
19.6
 %
Investment loss (income)
 
52,497

 
3.2
 %
 
(2,247
)
 
(0.2
)%
 
54,744

 
(2,436.3
)%
Other (income) expense, net
 
(173,626
)
 
(10.6
)%
 
1,056

 
0.1
 %
 
174,682

 
NM

Interest expense, net
 
76,322

 
4.7
 %
 
49,905

 
3.8
 %
 
26,417

 
52.9
 %
Loss on extinguishment of debt
 
3,296

 
0.2
 %
 

 
 %
 
3,296

 
 %
Provision for income taxes
 
227,756

 
13.9
 %
 
132,503

 
10.1
 %
 
95,253

 
71.9
 %
Net income
 
$
457,503

 
27.9
 %
 
$
356,961

 
27.1
 %
 
$
100,542

 
28.2
 %
Operating income for segments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
North America
 
$
394,646

 
 
 
$
367,221

 
 
 
$
27,425

 
7.5
 %
International
 
249,102

 
 
 
170,957

 
 
 
78,145

 
45.7
 %
Operating income
 
$
643,748

 
 
 
$
538,178

 
 
 
$
105,570

 
19.6
 %
Operating margin for segments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
North America
 
38.0
%
 
 
 
38.6
%
 
 
 
(0.6
)%
 

International
 
41.4
%
 
 
 
46.7
%
 
 
 
(5.3
)%
 

Consolidated
 
39.3
%
 
 
 
40.9
%
 
 
 
(1.6
)%
 

NM = Not Meaningful
The sum of the columns and rows may not calculate due to rounding.

Revenues
Our consolidated revenues increased from $1,316.6 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016 to $1,639.5 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017, an increase of $323.0 million, or 24.5%. The increase in our consolidated revenue was primarily due to:

The impact of acquisitions during 2016 and 2017, which contributed approximately $175 million in additional revenue.
Organic growth of approximately 9% on a constant fuel price, fuel spread margin, foreign currency and pro forma basis, driven by increases in both volume and revenue per transaction in certain of our payment programs.
Although we cannot precisely measure the impact of the macroeconomic environment, in total we believe it had a positive impact on our consolidated revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 over the comparable period

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in 2016 of approximately $17 million. We believe the favorable impact of higher fuel prices and fuel spread margins, primarily in the U.S., had a favorable impact on consolidated revenues of approximately $22 million. Conversely, changes in foreign exchange rates had an unfavorable impact on consolidated revenues of approximately $5 million due to unfavorable fluctuations in foreign exchange rates primarily in Brazil and the United Kingdom in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to 2016.

These increases were partially offset by the impact of the disposition of the NexTraq business in July 2017 of approximately $10 million.
North America segment revenues
North America revenues increased from $950.5 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016 to $1,037.4 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017, an increase of $86.8 million, or 9.1%. The increase in our North America segment revenue was primarily due to:

The impact of our Cambridge acquisition during the third quarter of 2017, which contributed approximately $12 million in additional revenue.
Organic growth of approximately 8%, on a constant fuel price, fuel spread margin and pro forma basis, driven by increases in both volume and revenue per transaction in certain of our payment programs.
Although we cannot precisely measure the impact of the macroeconomic environment, in total we believe it had a positive impact on our North America segment revenue in nine months ended September 30, 2017 over the comparable period in 2016 of approximately $19 million. This was primarily due to the favorable impact of changes in fuel prices and slightly higher fuel spread margins.

These increases were partially offset by the impact of the disposition of the NexTraq business in July 2017 of approximately $10 million.

International segment revenues
International segment revenues increased from $366.1 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016 to $602.2 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017, an increase of $236.1 million, or 64.5%. The increase in our International segment revenue was primarily due to:
 
The impact of acquisitions during 2016 and 2017, which contributed approximately $163 million in additional revenue.
Organic growth of approximately 10% on a constant macroeconomic and pro forma basis, driven by increases in both volume and revenue per transaction in certain of our payment programs.
Although we cannot precisely measure the impact of the macroeconomic environment, in total we believe it had a negative impact on our International segment revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 over the comparable period in 2016 of approximately $2 million. This was primarily due to unfavorable fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, partially offset by the impact of higher fuel prices.
Consolidated operating expenses
Merchant commissions. Merchant commissions increased from $78.8 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016 to $82.7 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017, an an increase of $3.9 million, or 5.0%. This increase was primarily due to the fluctuation of the margin between the wholesale cost and retail price of fuel and the impact of higher volume in certain revenue streams where merchant commissions are paid.
Processing. Processing expenses increased from $256.7 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016 to $316.4 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017, an increase of $59.7 million, or 23.2%. Increases in processing expenses were primarily due to expenses related to acquisitions completed in 2016 and 2017 of approximately $45 million, inclusive of incremental bad debt expense of $11 million, as well as the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates, partially offset by the impact of negotiated lower vendor processing costs. The increase in bad debt was primarily due to bad debt inherent in the acquired STP business. These increases were partially offset by the impact of disposition of the NexTraq business of approximately $3 million.
Selling. Selling expenses increased from $92.7 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016 to $122.9 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017, an increase of $30.2 million, or 32.6%. Increases in spending were primarily due to ongoing expenses related to acquisitions completed in 2016 and 2017 of approximately $19 million and additional spending in certain lines of business. These increases were partially offset by the impact of disposition of the NexTraq business of approximately $1 million.

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General and administrative. General and administrative expenses increased from $209.1 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016 to $275.0 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017, an increase of $66.0 million, or 31.5%. The increase was primarily due to ongoing expenses related to acquisitions completed in 2016 and 2017 of approximately $28 million, increased stock based compensation expense of approximately $19 million and increases in other professional fees of approximately $7 million. These increases were partially offset by the impact of disposition of the NexTraq business of approximately $1 million.

Depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization increased from $141.8 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016 to $198.7 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017, an increase of $56.9 million, or 40.1%. The increase was primarily due to amortization of intangible assets related to acquisitions completed in 2016 and 2017 of approximately $39 million and incremental expense related to capitalized development of software. These increases were partially offset by the impact of disposition of the NexTraq business of approximately $2 million.

Investment loss (income). Investment loss was $52.5 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared to investment income of $2.2 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016. We regularly evaluate the carrying value of our Masternaut investment and during the third quarter of 2017, we determined that the fair value of our 44% investment in Masternaut had declined as a result of our loss of significant influence due to the amendment of the Masternaut investment agreement, executed September 30, 2017. As a result, we determined that the carrying value of our investment exceeded its fair value, and concluded that this decline in value was other than temporary. We recorded a $44.6 million impairment loss in the Masternaut investment that includes adjustment for $31.4 million of currency losses previously recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income, in the nine months ended September 30, 2017, in the accompanying Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income.

Other (income) expense, net. Other income, net was $173.6 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared to other expense, net of $1.1 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The increase was due primarily to the pre-tax gain on the sale of our Nextraq business of $175 million in the third quarter of 2017.

Interest expense, net. Interest expense increased from $49.9 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016 to $76.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017, an increase of $26.4 million, or 52.9%. The increase in interest expense is primarily due to the impact of additional borrowings to finance the acquisitions of STP and Travelcard completed during the third quarter of 2016 and Cambridge completed during the third quarter of 2017, and increases in LIBOR. The following table sets forth the average interest rates paid on borrowings under our Credit Facility, excluding the related unused credit facility fees.
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Unaudited)
 
2017
 
2016
Term loan A
 
2.74
%
 
1.96
%
Term loan B
 
3.28
%
 
3.75
%
Domestic Revolver A
 
2.78
%
 
2.00
%
Foreign Revolver A
 
2.01
%
 
1.77
%
Foreign swing line
 
1.97
%
 
1.73
%
The average unused credit facility fee for Domestic Revolver A was 0.35% and 0.30% in the nine month period ending September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
Loss on extinguishment of debt. Loss on extinguishment of debt of $3.3 million relates to our write-off of debt issuance costs associated with the refinancing of our existing credit facility during the third quarter of 2017.
Provision for income taxes. The provision for income taxes increased from $132.5 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016 to $227.8 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017, an increase of $95.3 million, or 71.9%. We provide for income taxes during interim periods based on an estimate of our effective tax rate for the year. Discrete items and changes in the estimate of the annual tax rate are recorded in the period they occur. Our effective tax rate was 33.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to 27.1% in the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The increase in the provision for income taxes was due primarily to the pretax gain on sale of the Nextraq business of $175 million at the higher U.S. tax rate, all at the higher U.S. tax rate, and the Masternaut impairment charge in the quarter, which had no corresponding tax benefit. The 2016 tax rate was favorably impacted by a one-time nonrecurring net gain at our Masternaut investment that favorably impacted pre-tax earnings, but was not subject to income tax. The 2016 rate was also favorably impacted by higher excess tax benefits on share-based compensation in 2016 versus 2017.

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We pay taxes in many different taxing jurisdictions, including the U.S., most U.S. states and many non-U.S. jurisdictions. The tax rates in certain non-U.S. taxing jurisdictions are lower than the U.S. tax rate. Consequently, as our earnings fluctuate between taxing jurisdictions, our effective tax rate fluctuates. Also, the excess tax benefit on share based compensation is part of the effective tax rate. As a result, the tax rate is impacted by the number of stock options exercised or restricted shares vested during the reporting period.
Net income. For the reasons discussed above, our net income increased from $357.0 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016 to $457.5 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017, an increase of $100.5 million, or 28.2%.
Operating income and operating margin
Consolidated operating income. Operating income increased from $538.2 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016 to $643.7 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017, an increase of $105.6 million, or 19.6%. Our operating margin was 40.9% and 39.3% for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2017, respectively. The increase in operating income was primarily due to acquisitions completed in 2016 and 2017, organic growth, as well as the positive impact of the macroeconomic environment of approximately $14 million, driven primarily by favorable fuel prices, partially offset by the unfavorable impact of fluctuations in foreign exchange rates. These increases were partially offset by the negative impact of higher amortization and depreciation expense related to acquisitions completed in 2016 and 2017, additional bad debt expense of $11 million, due to bad debt inherent in the acquired STP business, additional stock based compensation of approximately $19 million and the disposition of the NexTraq business in July 2017 of approximately $4 million.
For the purpose of segment operating results, we calculate segment operating income by subtracting segment operating expenses from segment revenue. Segment operating margin is calculated by dividing segment operating income by segment revenue.

North America segment operating income. North America operating income increased from $367.2 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016 to $394.6 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017, an increase of $27.4 million, or 7.5%. North America operating margin was 38.6% and 38.0% for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2017, respectively. The increase in operating income was due primarily to organic growth and the positive impact of the macroeconomic environment of approximately $18 million, driven by primarily by higher fuel prices. These increases were partially offset by additional stock based compensation of approximately $14 million, additional bad debt expense of approximately $4 million, the negative impact of higher amortization and depreciation expense related to our acquisition of Cambridge in the third quarter of 2017 and the disposition of the NexTraq business in July 2017 of approximately $4 million.

International segment operating income. International operating income increased from $171.0 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016 to $249.1 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017, an increase of $78.1 million, or 45.7%. International operating margin was 46.7% and 41.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2017, respectively. The increase in operating income was due primarily to the impact of acquisitions completed in 2016 and 2017, organic growth. These increases were partially offset by the negative impact of higher amortization and depreciation expense related to acquisitions of STP and Travelcard completed in the third quarter of 2016, additional bad debt expense of $9 million, due to bad debt inherent in the acquired STP business, additional stock based compensation of approximately $5 million and the negative impact of the macroeconomic environment of approximately $4 million, driven primarily by the unfavorable impact of fluctuations in foreign exchange rates.
Liquidity and capital resources
Our principal liquidity requirements are to service and repay our indebtedness, make acquisitions of businesses and commercial account portfolios, repurchase shares of our common stock and meet working capital needs, tax and capital expenditure needs.
Sources of liquidity
At September 30, 2017, our cash balances totaled $1,018.3 million, with approximately $183.5 million restricted. Restricted cash represents customer deposits in the Czech Republic and in our Comdata business in the U.S., which we are restricted from using other than to repay customer deposits.
At September 30, 2017, cash and cash equivalents held in foreign subsidiaries where we have determined we are permanently reinvested is $509.3 million. All of the cash and cash equivalents held by our foreign subsidiaries, excluding restricted cash, are available for general corporate purposes. Our current intent is to permanently reinvest these funds outside of the U.S. Our current expectation for funds held in our foreign subsidiaries is to use the funds to finance foreign organic growth, to pay for potential future foreign acquisitions and to repay any foreign borrowings that may arise from time to time. We currently believe that funds generated from our U.S. operations, along with available borrowing capacity in the U.S. will be sufficient to fund our

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U.S. operations for the foreseeable future, and therefore do not foresee a need to repatriate cash held by our foreign subsidiaries in a taxable transaction to fund our U.S. operations. However, if at a future date or time these funds are needed for our operations in the U.S. or we otherwise believe it is in our best interests to repatriate all or a portion of such funds, we may be required to accrue and pay U.S. taxes to repatriate these funds. No assurances can be provided as to the amount or timing thereof, the tax consequences related thereto or the ultimate impact any such action may have on our results of operations or financial condition.

We utilize an accounts receivable Securitization Facility to finance a majority of our domestic fuel card receivables, to lower our cost of borrowing and more efficiently use capital. We generate and record accounts receivable when a customer makes a purchase from a merchant using one of our card products and generally pay merchants before collecting the receivable. As a result, we utilize the Securitization Facility as a source of liquidity to provide the cash flow required to fund merchant payments while we collect customer balances. These balances are primarily composed of charge balances, which are typically billed to the customer on a weekly, semimonthly or monthly basis, and are generally required to be paid within 14 days of billing. We also consider the undrawn amounts under our Securitization Facility and Credit Facility as funds available for working capital purposes and acquisitions. At September 30, 2017, we had no additional liquidity under our Securitization Facility. At September 30, 2017, we had approximately $612 million available under our Credit Facility.
Based on our current forecasts and anticipated market conditions, we believe that our current cash balances, our available borrowing capacity and our ability to generate cash from operations, will be sufficient to fund our liquidity needs for at least the next twelve months. However, we regularly evaluate our cash requirements for current operations, commitments, capital requirements and acquisitions, and we may elect to raise additional funds for these purposes in the future, either through the issuance of debt or equity securities. We may not be able to obtain additional financing on terms favorable to us, if at all.
Cash flows
The following table summarizes our cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 (in millions). 
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Unaudited)
 
2017
 
2016
Net cash provided by operating activities
 
$
419.5

 
$
404.3

Net cash used in investing activities
 
(341.6
)
 
(1,371.5
)
Net cash provided by financing activities
 
250.1

 
976.4

Operating activities. Net cash provided by operating activities increased from $404.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016 to $419.5 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017. Included in cash flows from operating activities were favorable non-cash adjustments of $151.7 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017. Non-cash adjustments were driven primarily by higher depreciation and amortization and an impairment charge in our Masternaut investment, partially offset by the gain on the sale of our Nextraq business in the third quarter of 2017. Also included in cash flows from operating activities were unfavorable working capital adjustments of $189.7 million. Working capital adjustments are primarily due to the timing of cash receipts and payments during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 over the comparable period in 2016.
Investing activities. Net cash used in investing activities decreased from $1,371.5 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016 to $341.6 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The decrease was primarily due to the reduction in cash outlay for acquisitions and the proceeds received from the sale of our Nextraq business during the third quarter of 2017.
Financing activities. Net cash provided by financing activities decreased from $976.4 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016 to $250.1 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The decrease in cash provided by financing activities is primarily due to an increase in debt repayments of $437.4 million on our credit facility in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as compared to 2016, increased spending to repurchase our common stock of $367 million and a decrease in borrowings of $76.8 million on our credit facility, partially offset by an increase in borrowings of $161 million on our Securitization Facility.
Capital spending summary
Our capital expenditures increased from $41.9 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016 to $49.5 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017, an increase of $7.6 million, or 18.1%. This increase is primarily due to increased spending on strategic projects, including continued investment in our operating systems, as well as incremental spending related to acquisitions in 2016 and 2017.

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Credit Facility
FleetCor Technologies Operating Company, LLC, and certain of our domestic and foreign owned subsidiaries, as designated co-borrowers (the “Borrowers”), has a $4.33 billion Credit Agreement (the "Credit Agreement"), with Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, swing line lender and local currency issuer, and a syndicate of financial institutions (the “Lenders”), which has been amended multiple times. The Credit Agreement provides for senior secured credit facilities consisting of a revolving A credit facility in the amount of $1.285 billion, a term loan A facility in the amount of $2.69 billion and a term loan B facility in the amount of $350.0 million as of September 30, 2017. The revolving credit facility consists of (a) a revolving A credit facility in the amount of $800 million, with sublimits for letters of credit and swing line loans, (b) a revolving B facility in the amount of $450 million for swing line loans and multi-currency borrowings and, (c) a revolving C facility in the amount of $35 million for multi-currency borrowings in Australian Dollars or New Zealand Dollars. On January 20, 2017, we entered into the second amendment to the Credit Agreement, which established a new term B loan. On August 2, 2017, we entered into the third amendment to the Credit Agreement, which increased the total facility by $708.7 million and extended the terms of the credit facilities. The term A and revolver maturity dates are August 2, 2022 and the term B maturity date is August 2,2024. The term A and revolver pricing remains the same and the term B pricing was reduced by 25 basis points to LIBOR plus 200 basis points. In addition, we pay a quarterly commitment fee at a rate per annum ranging from 0.20% to 0.40% of the daily unused portion of the credit facility.
The Credit Agreement also contains an accordion feature for borrowing an additional $750 million in term A or revolver A and term B. Proceeds from the Credit Facility may be used for working capital purposes, acquisitions, and other general corporate purposes.
The term loans are payable in quarterly installments and are due on the last business day of each March, June, September, and December with the final principal payment due on the respective maturity date. Borrowings on the revolving line of credit are repayable at our option of one, two, three or nine months after borrowing, depending on the term of the borrowing on the facility. Borrowings on the foreign swing line of credit are due no later than ten business days after such loan is made.
The Credit Facility contains representations, warranties and events of default, as well as certain affirmative and negative covenants, customary for financings of this nature. These covenants include limitations on the ability to pay dividends and make other restricted payments under certain circumstances and compliance with certain financial ratios. As of September 30, 2017, we were in compliance with each of the covenants under the Credit Facility.
At September 30, 2017, we had $2,690 million in borrowings outstanding on the term A loan, excluding the related debt discount, $350 million in borrowings outstanding on Term B loan, excluding the related debt discount, $595 million in borrowings outstanding on the domestic revolving A facility, $38 million in borrowings outstanding on the foreign revolving A facility and $40.2 million in borrowings outstanding on the swing line revolving A facility. We have unamortized debt discounts of $6.4 million related to the term A facility and $0.7 million related to the term B facility at September 30, 2017.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we made principal payments of $388.7 million on the term loans, $715.0 million on the domestic revolving A facility, $89.8 million on the foreign revolving A facility and $52.7 million on the swing line revolving A facility.
Securitization Facility
We are a party to a receivables purchase agreement among FleetCor Funding LLC, as seller, PNC Bank, National Association as administrator, and various purchaser agents, conduit purchasers and related committed purchasers parties thereto, which was amended and restated for the fifth time as of November 14, 2014. We refer to this arrangement as the Securitization Facility. There have been several amendments to the Securitization Facility. The current purchase limit under the Securitization Facility is $950 million and the Securitization Facility expires on November 14, 2017. The Securitization Facility contains certain customary financial covenants. There is a program fee equal to one month LIBOR or the Commercial Paper Rate of 1.27% plus 0.90% and 0.85% plus 0.90% as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. The unused facility fee is payable at a rate of 0.40% as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.
The Securitization Facility provides for certain termination events, which includes nonpayment, upon the occurrence of which the administrator may declare the facility termination date to have occurred, may exercise certain enforcement rights with respect to the receivables, and may appoint a successor servicer, among other things.
We were in compliance with the financial covenant requirements related to our Securitization Facility as of September 30, 2017.
Stock Repurchase Program

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On February 4, 2016, our Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase program (the "Program") under which we may purchase up to an aggregate of $500 million of our common stock over the following 18 month period. On July 27, 2017, our Board of Directors authorized an increase in the size of the Program by an additional $250 million and an extension of the Program by an additional 18 months. On November 1, 2017, we announced that our Board of Directors had authorized an increase in the size of the Program by an additional $350 million, resulting in total aggregate repurchases authorized under the Program of $1.1 billion. With the increase and giving effect to our $590 million of previous repurchases, we may repurchase up to $510 million in shares of our common stock at any time prior to February 1, 2019.
Any stock repurchases may be made at times and in such amounts as deemed appropriate. The timing and amount of stock repurchases, if any, will depend on a variety of factors including the stock price, market conditions, corporate and regulatory requirements, and any additional constraints related to material inside information the Company may possess. Any repurchases have been and are expected to be funded by a combination of available cash flow from the business, working capital and debt. .
On August 3, 2017, as part of the Program, we entered an Accelerated Share Repurchase agreement ("ASR Agreement") with a third-party financial institution to repurchase $250 million of its common stock. Pursuant to the ASR Agreement, we delivered $250 million in cash and received 1,491,647 shares based on a stock price of $142.46 on August 7, 2017. The ASR Agreement completed on September 7, 2017, at which time we received 263,012 additional shares based on a final weighted average per share purchase price during the repurchase period of $142.48.
We accounted for the ASR Agreement as two separate transactions: (i) as shares of reacquired common stock for the shares delivered to us upon effectiveness of the ASR Agreement and (ii) as a forward contract indexed to our common stock for the undelivered shares. The initial delivery of shares was included in treasury stock at cost and results in an immediate reduction of the outstanding shares used to calculate the weighted average common shares outstanding for basic and diluted earnings per share. The forward contracts indexed to our own common stock met the criteria for equity classification, were initially recorded in additional paid-in capital and then reclassified to treasury stock upon completion of the ASR agreement.
Since the beginning of the Program, 4,114,104 shares for an aggregate purchase price of $590 million have been repurchased. There were 2,854,959 shares totaling $402.4 million repurchased under the Program during the nine months ended September 30, 2017.
Sale of NexTraq
As part of our plan to exit the telematics business, on July 27, 2017, we sold NexTraq, a U.S. fleet telematics business, to Michelin Group for $316 million. We recorded a pre-tax gain on the disposal of NexTraq of $175 million during the third quarter of 2017, which is net of transaction closing costs.We recorded tax on the gain of disposal of $65.8 million. The gain on the disposal is included in other (income) expense, net in the accompanying Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income. NexTraq has historically been included in the Company's North America segment.
Critical accounting policies and estimates
In applying the accounting policies that we use to prepare our consolidated financial statements, we necessarily make accounting estimates that affect our reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses. Some of these estimates require us to make assumptions about matters that are highly uncertain at the time we make the accounting estimates. We base these assumptions and the resulting estimates on historical information and other factors that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, and we evaluate these assumptions and estimates on an ongoing basis. In many instances, however, we reasonably could have used different accounting estimates and, in other instances, changes in our accounting estimates could occur from period to period, with the result in each case being a material change in the financial statement presentation of our financial condition or results of operations. We refer to estimates of this type as critical accounting estimates.
Accounting estimates necessarily require subjective determinations about future events and conditions. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, other than noted in footnote 1, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies", we have not adopted any new critical accounting policies that had a significant impact upon our consolidated financial statements, have not changed any critical accounting policies and have not changed the application of any critical accounting policies from the year ended December 31, 2016. For critical accounting policies, refer to the Critical Accounting Estimates in Item 7 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 and our summary of significant accounting policies in Note 1 of our notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q.
Management’s Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures
We have included in the discussion above certain financial measures that were not prepared in accordance with GAAP. Any analysis of non-GAAP financial measures should be used only in conjunction with results presented in accordance with GAAP.

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Below, we define the non-GAAP financial measures, provide a reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measure to the most directly comparable financial measure calculated in accordance with GAAP, and discuss the reasons that we believe this information is useful to management and may be useful to investors.
Adjusted revenues
We have defined the non-GAAP measure adjusted revenues as revenues, net less merchant commissions as reflected in our income statement.
We use adjusted revenues as a basis to evaluate our revenues, net of the commissions that are paid to merchants to participate in our card programs. The commissions paid to merchants can vary when market spreads fluctuate in much the same way as revenues are impacted when market spreads fluctuate. We believe that adjusted revenue is an appropriate supplemental measure of financial performance and may be useful to investors to understanding our revenue performance on a consistent basis. Adjusted revenues are not intended to be a substitute for GAAP financial measures and should not be used as such.
Set forth below is a reconciliation of adjusted revenues to the most directly comparable GAAP measure, revenues, net (in thousands):
 
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Unaudited)
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Revenues, net
 
$
577,877

 
$
484,426

 
$
1,639,547

 
$
1,316,593

Merchant commissions
 
(27,687
)
 
(28,214
)
 
(82,690
)
 
(78,755
)
Total adjusted revenues
 
$
550,190


$
456,212


$
1,556,857


$
1,237,838


Adjusted net income and adjusted net income per diluted share
We have defined the non-GAAP measure adjusted net income as net income as reflected in our statement of income, adjusted to eliminate (a) non-cash stock based compensation expense related to share based compensation awards, (b) amortization of deferred financing costs, discounts and intangible assets, (c) amortization of the premium recognized on the purchase of receivables, (d) our proportionate share of amortization of intangible assets at our Masternaut investment, (e) a non-recurring net gain at our Masternaut investment (f) impairment of our Masternaut investment, (g) net gain on disposition of business, (h) loss on extinguishment of debt, and (i) a non-recurring loss due to merger of entities.
We have defined the non-GAAP measure adjusted net income per diluted share as the calculation previously noted divided by the weighted average diluted shares outstanding as reflected in our statement of income.
We use adjusted net income to eliminate the effect of items that we do not consider indicative of our core operating performance. We believe it is useful to exclude non-cash stock based compensation expense from adjusted net income because non-cash equity grants made at a certain price and point in time do not necessarily reflect how our business is performing at any particular time and stock based compensation expense is not a key measure of our core operating performance. We also believe that amortization expense can vary substantially from company to company and from period to period depending upon their financing and accounting methods, the fair value and average expected life of their acquired intangible assets, their capital structures and the method by which their assets were acquired. Therefore, we have excluded amortization expense from our adjusted net income. We also believe one-time non-recurring gains, losses, and impairment charges do not necessarily reflect how our investment and business is performing.We believe that adjusted net income and adjusted net income per diluted share are appropriate supplemental measures of financial performance and may be useful to investors to understanding our operating performance on a consistent basis. Adjusted net income and adjusted net income per diluted share are not intended to be a substitute for GAAP financial measures and should not be used as such.

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Set forth below is a reconciliation of adjusted net income and adjusted net income per diluted share to the most directly comparable GAAP measure, net income and net income per diluted share (in thousands, except shares and per share amounts):* 
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Unaudited)
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Net income
 
$
202,823

 
$
129,618

 
$
457,503

 
$
356,961

Net income per diluted share
 
2.18

 
1.36

 
4.87

 
3.75

Stock based compensation
 
24,654

 
17,405

 
68,897

 
50,025

Amortization of intangible assets
 
54,003

 
46,341

 
158,897

 
112,455

Amortization of premium on receivables
 
1,650

 
1,348

 
4,738

 
3,687

Amortization of deferred financing costs and discounts
 
1,611

 
1,917

 
5,411

 
5,568

Amortization of intangibles at Masternaut investment
 
2,965

 
2,406

 
8,341

 
7,533

Impairment of Masternaut investment
 
44,600

 

 
44,600

 

Net gain on disposition of business
 
(109,205
)
 

 
(109,205
)
 

Loss on extinguishment of debt
 
3,296

 

 
3,296

 

Non recurring loss due to merger of entities
 
2,028

 

 
2,028

 

Non-recurring net gain at Masternaut investment
 

 

 

 
(10,845
)
Total pre-tax adjustments
 
25,602


69,417

 
187,003


168,423

Income tax impact of pre-tax adjustments at the effective tax rate1
 
(25,656
)
 
(15,726
)
 
(69,711
)
 
(46,425
)
Adjusted net income
 
$
202,769

 
$
183,310

 
$
574,795

 
$
478,959

Adjusted net income per diluted share
 
$
2.18

 
$
1.92

 
$
6.12

 
$
5.03

Diluted shares
 
93,001

 
95,307

 
93,923

 
95,204

*Columns may not calculate due to impact of rounding.
1Excludes the results of our Masternaut investment on our effective tax rate, as results from our Masternaut investment are reported within the Consolidated Income Statements on a post-tax basis and no tax-over-book outside basis differences related to our investment reversed during 2016 or are expected to reverse in 2017. Also excludes the net gain realized upon our disposition of NexTraq, representing a pretax gain of $175.0 and tax on gain of $65.8. The tax on the gain is included in "Net gain on disposition of business".

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Pro Forma and Macro Adjusted Revenue and Transactions by Product

We define pro forma and macro adjusted revenue as revenue, net as reflected in our statement of income, adjusted to eliminate the impact of the macroeconomic environment and the impact of acquisitions and dispositions. The macroeconomic environment includes the impact that market fuel spread margins, fuel prices and foreign exchange rates have on our business. We use pro forma and macro adjusted revenue and transactions to evaluate the organic growth in our revenue and the associated transactions. Set forth below is a reconciliation of pro forma and macro adjusted revenue and transactions to the most directly comparable GAAP measure, revenue, net and transactions (in millions):*
 
 
Revenue
 
Transactions
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
Three Months Ended September 30,
(Unaudited)
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
20164
FUEL CARDS
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pro forma and macro adjusted2,3
 
$
274.0

 
$
259.5

 
$
119.6

 
$
113.6

Impact of acquisitions/dispositions
 

 
(0.7
)
 

 
(1.0
)
Impact of fuel prices/spread
 
(0.6
)
 

 

 

Impact of foreign exchange rates
 
2.9

 

 

 

As reported
 
$
276.3

 
$
258.8

 
$
119.6

 
$
112.5

CORPORATE PAYMENTS
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pro forma and macro adjusted2,3
 
$
71.7

 
$
61.3

 
$
10.9

 
$
10.2

Impact of acquisitions/dispositions
 

 
(15.2
)
 

 
(0.2
)
Impact of fuel prices/spread
 
0.1

 

 

 

Impact of foreign exchange rates
 
0.4

 

 

 

As reported
 
$
72.2

 
$
46.1

 
$
10.9

 
$
10.0

TOLLS
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pro forma and macro adjusted2,3
 
$
80.8

 
$
67.8

 
$
231.0

 
$
225.0

Impact of acquisitions/dispositions
 

 
(42.0
)
 

 
(143.9
)
Impact of fuel prices/spread
 

 

 

 

Impact of foreign exchange rates
 
2.1

 

 

 

As reported
 
$
82.9

 
$
25.8

 
$
231.0

 
$
81.1

LODGING
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pro forma and macro adjusted2,3
 
$
33.2

 
$
28.1

 
$
4.1

 
$
3.5

Impact of acquisitions/dispositions
 

 

 

 

Impact of fuel prices/spread
 

 

 

 

Impact of foreign exchange rates
 

 

 

 

As reported
 
$
33.2

 
$
28.1

 
$
4.1

 
$
3.5

GIFT
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pro forma and macro adjusted2,3
 
$
54.8

 
$
58.3

 
$
294.1

 
$
269.5

Impact of acquisitions/dispositions
 

 

 

 

Impact of fuel prices/spread
 

 

 

 

Impact of foreign exchange rates
 

 

 

 

As reported
 
$
54.8

 
$
58.3

 
$
294.1

 
$
269.5

OTHER1
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pro forma and macro adjusted2,3
 
$
58.1

 
$
57.1

 
$
19.4

 
$
20.4

Impact of acquisitions/dispositions
 

 
10.3

 

 
0.4

Impact of fuel prices/spread
 

 

 

 

Impact of foreign exchange rates
 
0.4

 

 

 

As reported
 
$
58.5

 
$
67.4

 
$
19.4

 
$
20.8

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FLEETCOR CONSOLIDATED REVENUES
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pro forma and macro adjusted2,3
 
$
572.6

 
$
532.1

 
$
679.1

 
$
642.2

Impact of acquisitions/dispositions
 

 
(47.6
)
 

 
(144.7
)
Impact of fuel prices/spread
 
(0.5
)
 

 

 

Impact of foreign exchange rates
 
5.8

 

 

 

As reported
 
$
577.9

 
$
484.4

 
$
679.1

 
$
497.5

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
* Columns may not calculate due to impact of rounding.
 
 
1Other includes telematics, maintenance, food and transportation related businesses.
 
 
22016 is pro forma to include acquisitions and exclude dispositions, consistent with 2017 ownership.
32017 is adjusted to remove the impact of changes in the macroeconomic environment to be consistent with the same period of prior year, using constant fuel prices, fuel price spreads and foreign exchange rates.
42016 transactions reflect immaterial corrections from previously disclosed amounts for the prior period.

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Special Cautionary Notice Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. Statements that are not historical facts, including statements about FleetCor's beliefs, expectations and future performance, are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of words such as “anticipate,” “intend,” “believe,” “estimate,” “plan,” “seek,” “project” or “expect,” “may,” “will,” “would,” “could” or “should,” the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology.
These forward-looking statements are not a guarantee of performance, and you should not place undue reliance on such statements. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events. Forward-looking statements are subject to many uncertainties and other variable circumstances, such as delays or failures associated with implementation; fuel price and spread volatility; changes in credit risk of customers and associated losses; the actions of regulators relating to payment cards or investigations; failure to maintain or renew key business relationships; failure to maintain competitive offerings; failure to maintain or renew sources of financing; failure to complete, or delays in completing, anticipated new partnership arrangements or acquisitions and the failure to successfully integrate or otherwise achieve anticipated benefits from such partnerships or acquired businesses; failure to successfully expand business internationally; other risks related to our international operations, including the potential impact to our business as a result of the United Kingdom's referendum to leave the European Union; the impact of foreign exchange rates on operations, revenue and income; the effects of general economic and political conditions on fueling patterns and the commercial activity of fleets, risks related to litigation; our ability to complete an accelerated share repurchase, as well as the other risks and uncertainties identified under the caption “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, and 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2017 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 1, 2017 and August 8, 2017, respectively. These factors could cause our actual results and experience to differ materially from any forward-looking statement. Given these risks and uncertainties, you are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements included in this report are made only as of the date hereof. We do not undertake, and specifically disclaim, any obligation to update any such statements or to publicly announce the results of any revisions to any of such statements to reflect future events or developments.
Item 3.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
With the acquisition of Cambridge in August 2017, we have additional foreign exchange risk and associated foreign exchange risk management requirements due to the nature of our international payments provider business. The majority of this business' revenue is from exchanges of currency at spot rates, which enable customers to make cross-currency payments. In addition, this business also writes foreign currency forward and option contracts for our customers to facilitate future payments. The duration of these derivative contracts at inception is generally less than one year. Cambridge aggregates its foreign exchange exposures arising from customer contracts, including the derivative contracts described above, and hedges (economic hedge) the resulting net currency risks by entering into offsetting contracts with established financial institution counterparties.

A hypothetical uniform 10% strengthening or weakening in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to all other currencies in which our net income is generated would have resulted in a decrease/increase to pre-tax income of approximately $1.5 million based on our unhedged exposure to foreign currency at September 30, 2017.
As of September 30, 2017, other than noted above, there have been no material changes to our market risk from that disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.
Item 4.
Controls and Procedures
As of September 30, 2017, management carried out, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of September 30, 2017, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective in ensuring that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in applicable rules and forms and are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in those reports is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended September 30, 2017, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.
Legal Proceedings

In the ordinary course of business, we are subject to various pending and potential legal actions, arbitration proceedings, claims, subpoenas, and matters relating to compliance with laws and regulations (collectively, legal proceedings).  Based on our current knowledge, management presently does not believe that the liabilities arising from these legal proceedings will have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. However, it is possible that the ultimate resolution of these legal proceedings could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition for any particular period.
Shareholder Class Action and Derivative Lawsuits
On June 14, 2017, a shareholder filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia against the Company and certain of its officers and directors on behalf of all persons who purchased or otherwise acquired the Company’s stock between February 5, 2016 and May 2, 2017. On October 13, 2017, the shareholder filed an amended complaint asserting claims on behalf of a putative class of all persons who purchased or otherwise acquired the Company's common stock between February 4, 2016 and May 3, 2017. The complaint alleges that the defendants made false or misleading statements regarding fee charges and the reasons for its earnings and growth in certain press releases and other public statements in violation of the federal securities laws. Plaintiff seeks class certification, unspecified monetary damages, costs, and attorneys’ fees. The Company disputes the allegations in the complaint and intends to vigorously defend against the claims.
On July 10, 2017, a shareholder derivative complaint was filed against the Company and certain of the Company’s directors and officers in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia seeking recovery on behalf of the Company. The derivative complaint alleges that the defendants issued a false and misleading proxy statement in violation of the federal securities laws; that defendants breached their fiduciary duties by causing or permitting the Company to make allegedly false and misleading public statements concerning the Company’s fee charges, and financial and business prospects; and that certain defendants breached their fiduciary duties through allegedly improper sales of stock. The complaint seeks unspecified monetary damages on behalf of the Company, corporate governance reforms, disgorgement of profits, benefits and compensation by the defendants, restitution, costs, and attorneys’ and experts’ fees. On August 18, 2017, the court entered an order deferring the case pending a ruling on the defendants' motion to dismiss the putative shareholder class action, or until otherwise agreed to by the parties. The defendants dispute the allegations in the complaint and intend to vigorously defend against the claims.
Estimating an amount or range of possible losses resulting from litigation proceedings is inherently difficult and requires an extensive degree of judgment, particularly where the matters involve indeterminate claims for monetary damages, and are in the stages of the proceedings where key factual and legal issues have not been resolved. For these reasons, we are currently unable to predict the ultimate timing or outcome of, or reasonably estimate the possible losses or a range of possible losses resulting from the matters described above.
Item 1A.
Risk Factors

In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 and in Part II, Item 1A. "Risk Factors" in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2017 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 1, 2017 and August 8, 2017, respectively, which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results. Other than the risk factors set forth below, there have been no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.

Derivatives Regulations

Rules adopted under the Dodd-Frank Act by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the "CFTC"), as well as the provisions of the European Market Infrastructure Regulation and its technical standards, which are directly applicable in the member states of the European Union, have subjected certain of the foreign exchange derivative contracts we offer to our customers as part of Cambridge's business, to reporting, recordkeeping, and other requirements. Additionally, certain foreign exchange derivatives transactions we may enter into in the future may be subject to centralized clearing requirements, or may be subject to margin requirements in the United States and European Union. Other jurisdictions outside the United States and the European Union are considering, have implemented, or are implementing regulations similar to those described above. Derivatives regulations have added costs to our business and any additional requirements, such as future registration requirements and increased regulation of derivative contracts, may result in additional costs or impact the way we conduct our hedging activities, as well as impact how we

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conduct our business within our international payments provider operations. In particular, the CFTC has recently issued a proposed rule that, if adopted as proposed, would increase the likelihood that we will have to register one or more of our subsidiaries with the CFTC as swap dealers. Swap dealers are subject to a comprehensive regulatory framework and compliance with this framework will lead to additional costs, including costs relating to regulatory capital and margin requirements, and may impact how we conduct our hedging activities and derivatives business with customers. We are currently evaluating the impact the proposed rule, if adopted, would have on our hedging activities and operations.

Our compliance with these requirements has resulted, and may continue to result, in additional costs to our business and may impact our international payments provider business operations. Furthermore, our failure to comply with these requirements could result in fines and other sanctions, as well as necessitate a temporary or permanent cessation to some or all of our derivative related activities. Any such fines, sanctions or limitations on our business could adversely affect our operations and financial results. Additionally, the regulatory regimes for derivatives in the United States and European Union, such as under the Dodd-Frank Act and the European Markets in Financial Instruments Directive known as "MiFID II," are continuing to evolve and changes to such regimes, our designation under such regimes, or the implementation of new rules under such regimes, such as future registration requirements and increased regulation of derivative contracts, may result in additional costs to our business. Other jurisdictions outside the United States and the European Union are considering, have implemented, or are implementing regulations similar to those described above and these may result in greater costs to us as well.

Global economic downturns or slower growth or declines in the money transfer, payment service, and other markets in which we operate, including downturns or declines related to interruptions in migration patterns, and difficult conditions in global financial markets and financial market disruptions could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

The global economy has experienced in recent years, and may experience, downturns, volatility and disruption, and we face certain risks relating to such events, including:

Our international payments provider business provides currency conversion and foreign exchange hedging services to our customers, exposing us to foreign currency exchange risk. In order to help mitigate these risks, we enter into derivative contracts. However, these contracts do not eliminate all of the risks related to fluctuating foreign currency rates.
Our international payments provider business is heavily dependent on global trade. A downturn in global trade or the failure of long-term import growth rates to return to historic levels could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, and our cash management strategies. Additionally, as customer hedging activity in our international payments provider business generally varies with currency volatility, we have experienced and may experience in the future lower foreign exchange revenues in periods of lower currency volatility.
The counterparties to the derivative financial instruments that we use in our international payments provider business to reduce our exposure to various market risks, including changes in foreign exchange rates, may fail to honor their obligations, which could expose us to risks we had sought to mitigate. This includes the exposure generated when we write derivative contracts to our customers as part of our cross-currency payments business, and we typically hedge the net exposure through offsetting contracts with established financial institution counterparties. That failure could have an adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.
Risks associated with operations outside the United States and foreign currencies could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

We have additional foreign exchange risk and associated foreign exchange risk management requirements due to the nature of our international payments provider business. The majority of this business' revenue is from exchanges of currency at spot rates, which enable customers to make cross-currency payments. Additionally, this business also writes foreign currency forward and option contracts for our customers. The duration of these derivative contracts at inception is generally less than one year. The credit risk associated with our derivative contracts increases when foreign currency exchange rates move against our customers, possibly impacting their ability to honor their obligations to deliver currency to us or to maintain appropriate collateral with us.

Our international payments provider business aggregates its foreign exchange exposures arising from customer contracts, including the derivative contracts described above, and hedges the resulting net currency risks by entering into offsetting contracts with established financial institution counterparties. If we are unable to obtain offsetting positions, our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows could be adversely affected.

We face credit, liquidity and fraud risks from our agents, consumers, businesses, and third-party processors that could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

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We are exposed to credit risk in our international payments provider business relating to: (a) derivatives written by us to our customers and (b) the extension of trade credit when transactions are paid to recipients prior to our receiving cleared funds from the sending customers. The credit risk associated with our derivative contracts increases when foreign currency exchange rates move against our customers, possibly impacting their ability to honor their obligations to deliver currency to us or
to maintain appropriate collateral with us. If a customer becomes insolvent, files for bankruptcy, commits fraud or otherwise fails to pay us, we may be exposed to the value of an offsetting position with a financial institution counterparty for the derivatives or may bear financial risk for those receivables where we have offered trade credit.

If we are unable to maintain our relationships with banks needed to conduct our services, or fail to comply with our contract requirements, our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows would be adversely affected.

In our international payments provider business, we facilitate payment and foreign exchange solutions, primarily cross-border, cross-currency transactions, for small and medium size enterprises and other organizations. Increased regulation and compliance requirements are impacting these businesses by making it more costly for us to provide our services or by making it more cumbersome for businesses to do business with us. We may also have difficulty establishing or maintaining banking relationships needed to conduct our services due to banks’ policies. If we are unable to maintain our current business or banking relationships or establish new relationships under terms consistent with those currently in place, our ability to continue to offer our services may be adversely impacted, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.
Item 2.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
On February 4, 2016, our Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase program (the "Program") under which we may begin purchasing up to an aggregate of $500 million of the Company's common stock over the following 18 month period. On July 27, 2017, the Company's Board of Directors authorized an increase in the size of the Program by an additional $250 million and an extension of the Program by an additional 18 months. On November 1, 2017, the Company announced that its Board of Directors had authorized an increase in the size of the Program by an additional $350 million, resulting in total aggregate repurchases authorized under the Program of $1.1 billion. Since the beginning of the Program, 4,114,104 shares for an aggregate purchase price of $590 million have been repurchased.
The following table presents information with respect to purchases of common stock of the Company made during the three months ended September 30, 2017 by the Company as defined in Rule 10b-18(a)(3) under the Exchange Act:
Period
 
Total Number of Shares Purchased
 
Average Price Paid Per Share
 
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of the Publicly Announced Plan
 
Maximum Value that May Yet be Purchased Under the Publicly Announced Plan (in thousands)
August 1, 2017 through August 31, 2017
 
1,491,647

 
$
142.46

 
3,161,958

 
$
647,430

September 1, 2017 through September 30, 2017
 
952,146

 
$
144.38

 
4,114,104

 
$
509,957


Item 3.
Defaults Upon Senior Securities
Not applicable.
Item 4.
Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
Item 5.
Other Information
Not applicable.

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Item 6. Exhibits

 
 
 
Exhibit
No.
  
 
  
Acquisition agreement to acquire Serviços e Tecnologia de Pagamentos S.A. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Registrant's Form 8-K, File No. 001-35004, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") on March 18, 2016)
 
 
 
  
Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of FleetCor Technologies, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, File No. 001-35004, filed with the SEC on March 25, 2011)
 
 
  
Amended and Restated Bylaws of FleetCor Technologies, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, File No. 001-35004, filed with the SEC on October 28, 2016)
 
 
  
Form of Stock Certificate for Common Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Amendment No. 3 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1, File No. 333-166092, filed with the SEC on June 29, 2010)
 
 
 
Third Amendment to Credit Agreement, date as of August 2, 2017, among FleetCor Technologies Operating Company, LLC, as the Company, FleetCor Technologies, Inc., as the Parent, the designated borrowers party hereto, the other guarantors party hereto, Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, swing line lender and l/c issuer, and the other lenders party hereto Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, as sole lead arranger and sole book runner (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, File No. 001-35004, filed with the SEC on August 8, 2017)
 
 
 
  
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act, as amended
 
 
  
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act, as amended
 
 
  
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2001
 
 
  
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2001
 
 
101
  
The following financial information for the Registrant formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income, (iii) the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income; (iv) the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (v) the Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements



48

Table of Contents

SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned; thereunto duly authorized, in their capacities indicated on November 9, 2017.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FleetCor Technologies, Inc.
 
 
 
 
(Registrant)
 
 
 
Signature
 
 
 
Title
 
 
 
/s/ Ronald F. Clarke
 
 
 
President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors (Duly Authorized Officer and Principal
Executive Officer)
Ronald F. Clarke
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Eric R. Dey
 
 
 
Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)
Eric R. Dey
 
 
 


49
Exhibit


Exhibit 31.1
CERTIFICATIONS
I, Ronald F. Clarke, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of FleetCor Technologies, Inc.;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s Board of Directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
 
/s/ Ronald F. Clarke
Ronald F. Clarke
Chief Executive Officer
November 9, 2017


Exhibit



Exhibit 31.2
CERTIFICATIONS
I, Eric R. Dey, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of FleetCor Technologies, Inc.;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s Board of Directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
 
/s/ Eric R. Dey
Eric R. Dey
Chief Financial Officer
November 9, 2017


Exhibit


Exhibit 32.1
CERTIFICATIONS PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
(18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350)
In connection with the Quarterly Report of FleetCor Technologies, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2017, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Report”), Ronald F. Clarke, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, does hereby certify, pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. § 1350), that to his knowledge:
(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
 
/s/ Ronald F. Clarke
Ronald F. Clarke
Chief Executive Officer
November 9, 2017
[A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to FleetCor Technologies, Inc. and will be retained by FleetCor Technologies, Inc. and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.]


Exhibit


Exhibit 32.2
CERTIFICATIONS PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
(18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350)
In connection with the Quarterly Report of FleetCor Technologies, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2017, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Report”), Eric R. Dey, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, does hereby certify, pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. § 1350), that to his knowledge:
(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
 
/s/ Eric R. Dey
Eric R. Dey
Chief Financial Officer
November 9, 2017
[A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to FleetCor Technologies, Inc. and will be retained by FleetCor Technologies, Inc. and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.]